试析我国探望权制度的不足及其完善

修订后的《婚姻法》确立了离异父母对子女的探望权,但在现实中此主体范围明显过窄,考究其立法目的及我国的国情,应扩大探望权的主体范围,（外）祖父母、兄姐等其他亲属均应享有探望权。此外,探望权不仅是父母的权利,更是子女的权利。法律应明确子女在探望权法律关系中的核心地位,以切实保护未成年子女的权利。     

Participant characteristics and process variables predict attrition from a home-based early intervention program

Although advocates of home visits claim that they improve access to preventive interventions for socially disadvantaged families, home visiting programs often report high dropout rates. This study investigated factors predicting attrition in a sample of 434 low-income, first-time mothers in a German program modeled on the Nurse–Family Partnership program. Both participant characteristics and process variables associated with attrition were examined. The results indicated that 38.5% of the mothers left the program before completing 75% of the enrollment time; 62% of those left for addressable reasons (e.g., losing interest in program participation). Arguably, these participants might be retained through program modifications. Almost half of the dropouts left the program before completing 25% of the enrollment time. Program dropouts were younger and did not experience pregnancy-related risks. With regard to process variables, a high frequency of unsuccessful visit attempts and low maternal engagement during the home visits increased the risk for attrition. Self-referral, a high percentage of time spent on parenting issues as well as a high percentage of grandmother participation during visits contributed to participant retention. Among mothers with a high number of risk factors for child abuse and neglect, partner (husband or boyfriend) participation during visits positively influenced the retention rate. Since process variables explained a larger amount of variance in attrition compared to participant characteristics, it is reasonable to focus on the intervention processes when trying to reduce attrition.     

Reciprocal learning in partnership practice: an exploratory study of a home visiting program for mothers with depression

The paper proposes that the function and meaning of adult learning has significantly changed since the times the ‘founding fathers’ outlined a philosophical framework for adult education. And already for them the philosophy of conventional education never really seemed adequate. Likewise, a philosophy of adult education today–which is badly needed ‐‐ can no longer be derived from the philosophy of conventional education, and must be elaborated from bottom‐up, i.e. by understanding themeaning of learning for adult learners today as well as the function of adult learning in present society.     

从干谒文看唐代士子的多重心态

干谒行为在唐代公开而盛行,士子们为求得达官显贵的赏识、援引、擢拔、揄扬而投献诗文,表明汲汲进用、经世致用的抱负,从中呈现出多样的干谒心态、折射出人格的复杂性,这在其他朝代是少见的,值得我们分析。     

论战国问对体文献起源于“访问”制度

战国问对体文献有众多独特的言说方式,其中最为本质的特征应该是主动性咨询、请教行为。流行于整个春秋时期的＂访问＂制度,在言说方式上与战国问对体文献有着众多本质特征的一致性。具体考察＂访问＂行为的文本事例,可以断定问对体文献应直接来源于＂访问＂制度。在从＂访问＂行为走向诸子问对体文献的过程中,孔子及稍后的七十子著述起着重要的桥梁,对战国问对体散文而言,他们的努力无疑具有开创性质。     

Assessing adverse experiences from infancy through early childhood in home visiting programs

The general aim of early intervention and home visiting programs is to support families to minimize Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). However, assessing children's exposure to these risks is complicated because parents serve as the conduit for both measurement and intervention. The primary aims of the study were to develop an assessment of children's exposure to ACEs and to examine concurrently measured parental child abuse and neglect potential and child social–emotional functioning. Home visiting programs in a southern state implemented the Family Map Inventories (FMI) as comprehensive family assessment and child screenings (N = 1,282) within one month of enrollment. Children (M = 33 months of age, SD = 20) were exposed at rates of 27% to one, 18% to two, 11% to three, and 12% to four or more FMI-ACEs. FMI-ACEs were associated with increased parental beliefs and behaviors associated with child abuse and neglect. FMI-ACEs also significantly predicted the likelihood of the child having at-risk social–emotional development; children with 4 or more FMI-ACEs were over 6 times more likely than those with none to have at-risk scores. The findings add to our understanding of the negative impact of trauma on children and families. Assessing these risks as they occur in a family-friendly manner provides a platform for early intervention programs to work with families to increase family strengths and reduce the impacts of adverse experiences for their children.     

Impact of HIPPY on home learning environments of Latino families

This study investigated effects of Home Instruction of Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY), a paraprofessional home visiting program, on parents and children. The program site served low-income, Spanish-speaking families. On average, mothers were 31 years old (SD = 4.78) and children were 3 or 4 years old (M = 3.92, SD = .92). Participants (n = 54) had more parenting self-efficacy and more enriched home environments than families on a waiting list (n = 54). In a regression on home environment, participation in the intervention was a stronger predictor than maternal education, depression, and stress. A third-grade follow-up of children in the program showed significantly higher math achievement when compared to low-income Latino third graders in the same school district. These findings appear to validate the HIPPY model, which suggests that parents gain confidence as their children's teachers through their experiences in the program. HIPPY successfully addresses the need for culturally sensitive programming aimed at improving educational achievement among minority children.     

Home visitation programs: Critical Issues and Future Directions

As support for intervening early in the lives of vulnerable children has risen in the United States in recent years, so has interest in home-visitation programs. Home visitation is increasingly recognized for its potential to foster early child development and competent parenting, as well as to reduce risk for child abuse and neglect and other poor outcomes for vulnerable families.This paper provides a discussion of several aspects of home-visitation programs that warrant further development and evaluation, including the powerful role of context in determining program outcomes, as well as the impact of other factors, including service dosage, levels of family engagement, and characteristics of home visitors. The importance of more accurately understanding and measuring risk and engaging family members beyond the mother-child dyad is also discussed. Recommendations are made for making improvements in all of these areas, in order to strengthen home-visitation programs and produce better outcomes for the children and families they serve. Aspects of Nurse Family Partnership and Early Head Start, two widely replicated and rigorously evaluated programs, are highlighted to demonstrate how the issues discussed here are likely to affect service delivery and program outcomes. The multiple challenges inherent in replicating and evaluating home-visitation programs that are truly responsive to the needs of a wide array of families with young children are examined. This discussion concludes with a call to expand and improve methods for evaluating these programs, and to view home visitation as a component of a comprehensive system of child and family supports, rather than as a stand-alone model of intervention.     

高等教育国际化视野下教师出国访学收益研究

出国访学是我国高校教师国际化发展的重要途径。本文依据迪尔多夫的“跨文化能力发展模型冶,提出教师出国访学的过程模型,并采用质性研究方法,对曾赴加拿大大学教育学院访学并已归国的16名中国高校教师的访学收益进行研究。研究发现,访学教师取得了显著的内部和外部收益,表现在理念提升、教学和科研创新以及国际化交流合作等。这些收益不仅促进了教师国际化的可持续发展,还有利于我国高等教育国际化的全面提升。文章最后从个人、院校和国家三个层面对如何加强访学项目的支持和管理提出了建议。