Characteristics of effective collaboration: A study of Nurse-Family Partnership and child welfare

BackgroundIn February 2018, President Trump signed into law the Family First Prevention Act, legislation in the United States aimed at providing prevention services for families at risk of entering the child welfare system. The effectiveness of these prevention efforts is dependent on the formation of collaborative relationships between prevention-programs and child welfare.ObjectiveTo identify factors that influence the ability of the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) and Child Protective Services (CPS) to collaborate in serving high-risk mothers and their children.Participants123 NFP, CPS workers, and community partners.SettingSeven sites in the U.S. state of Colorado selected to include an array of community sizes, geographies, apparent levels of collaboration, and variations in internal structures and practices.MethodsUsing an adapted grounded theory approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with frontline NFP and CPS workers and supervisors. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, validated, and coded in NVivo 10.ResultsAlignment of core organizational mission and methods was key in determining collaboration levels between NFP and CPS. Only when workers perceived there to be alignment in organizational mission, did other factors such as program eligibility, communication channels, and risk and safety assessment practices influence the perceived benefits and efforts undertaken to enhance collaboration.ConclusionsHigh-risk families frequently require services that go beyond the scope of any one organization. As programs that serve high-risk families refine their efforts to serve them effectively, collaborative efforts should focus on examining opportunities and challenges involved in creating greater mission alignment.     

The profile and progress of neglected and abused children in long-term foster care

ObjectivesThis study compared the profile of neglected and abused children in the Australian foster care system as well as differences between maltreatment types in relation to parental contact, reunification and psychosocial progress in care.MethodThe case files of 235 children entering foster care were examined and their social workers were administered standardised questionnaires at the point of intake. All measures were repeated for those remaining in care 1 year and then again 2 years later.ResultsNeglected children were younger than non-neglected children, more likely to have a physical or mental disability, more likely to experience multiple forms of maltreatment and less likely to pose conduct problems for carers. Neglected children were more likely than non-neglected children to experience a decline in parental contact over time, and were less likely to be reunified with their families of origin. There was minimal difference between neglected and non-neglected in their psychosocial progress while in care. Aboriginal children were more likely to be reunified than non-Aboriginal children when neglect was attributable to transient factors (parental incapacity) but the reverse was true for non-neglected children.ConclusionsThe fact that neglected children more often require a second form of maltreatment before being removed from home suggests that children's services workers are less inclined to remove children for neglect than for other forms of maltreatment. As a consequence, those neglected children who are in care tend to come from more dysfunctional families than non-neglected children do, as evidenced by the relatively poorer parental contact and reunification results of neglected children.Practice implicationsNeglected children differ systematically from non-neglected children and suffer relative disadvantage in relation to multiple forms of maltreatment, parental contact, and reunification. The fact that declines in parental contact among neglected children in care occurred only when indirect contact was provided suggests that, wherever possible, care plans should include face-to-face visits and overnight stays rather than being restricted to less direct forms of contact. The difference in the success of reunification according to type of neglect (chronic or transient) also suggests that parental intervention programs need to focus their efforts on chronic factors rather than transient parental factors.     

中晚唐冶游狎妓之风与艳诗创作

中晚唐时期,在士人中间,声色享乐、冶游狎妓之风盛行。这对文学创作产生了重要的影响,直接的表现就是艳诗创作兴盛起来。狎妓的生活为文人们提供了更多的的情感体验和创作灵感,提供了写作艳诗的场景和空间,也使他们更多地了解了歌妓的生活与情感。而艳诗的写作又赋予了狎妓生活以更多的诗意和风流情调。     

论口本对清末中国农业教育的影响

清末近代农业教育兴起之初,近邻日本对其影响不容小觑.其时中国农业教育学制体系、课程设置、规章制度等基本仿照日本;19世纪末20世纪初,中国农科留学生的目的地国家主要是日本;大量日本农学教习纷纷来中国任教.这些因素均在客观上促进了清末中国农业教育的发展.     

Interpersonal trauma and suicide attempts in low-income depressed mothers in home visiting

BackgroundRisk of suicide is a major concern for depressed mothers in the perinatal period. The strongest predictor of completing suicide is having made a previous attempt. Little is known about the clinical features of low-income, depressed mothers who have attempted suicide in contrast to those who have not.ObjectiveThis study examined clinical and psychosocial features of 170 low-income, young, depressed mothers with and without previous suicide attempts who were enrolled in an early childhood home visiting program.MethodMothers were identified via screening at three months postpartum and diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) using a semi-structured interview. Psychiatric history and presentation, child maltreatment history, intimate partner violence, and social functioning were measured.Results31.8% of mothers had previous suicide attempts. Mean age of first attempt was 14.38 years (SD = 2.55) and the median number of lifetime attempts was 2. In contrast to no attempts, those who had attempted suicide had more MDD symptoms, earlier age of first MDD episode, and more episodes. A previous attempt was associated with greater childhood trauma, more current MDD symptoms and PTSD diagnosis. No differences were found on intimate partner violence. Mothers who made an attempt reported lower levels of tangible social support and smaller social networks.ConclusionsHistory of suicide attempts is associated with childhood trauma history and later psychosocial impairments in low income, depressed mothers in home visiting. Implications for addressing the needs of depressed mothers with suicide attempt histories in the context of early childhood programs are discussed.     

《石头记》“辩冤”记——《石头记》是如何为曹家、李家“辩冤”的

《石头记》一书,“借省亲事写南巡”,并以“草蛇灰线、空谷传声、一击两鸣、明修栈道、暗渡陈仓”等手法,叙明曹家、李家的“亏空”实由康熙“南巡”所致。然而雍正继位后,竟以“亏空”之名,“抄”了他们的家。这对曹李两家的当事人而言,自然是“冤枉”的。《石头记》的主旨,就是委婉地在替曹李两家“辩冤”。     

Chinese visiting scholars' academic socialization in US institutions of higher education: a qualitative study

Socialization as a theoretical concept has been increasingly applied to higher education over the past several decades. However, little research examines international visiting scholars' overseas academic socialization experiences. Rooted in socialization theory, this one-year qualitative study explores 15 Chinese visiting scholars' lived experiences in socialization to the US academic community through observations and interviews. The data reveal that the strategies used for academic socialization include motivation, social networking development, academic recognition, goal orientation, and community involvement. Besides, this paper analyses the reasons for their encountered dilemmas such marginalization, time constraint, and external critique. Implications for Chinese Scholarship Committee (CSC) policy makers, international visiting scholars, and researchers are provided.     

日本舆论界的北洋舰队“威胁论”及其影响

中日甲午战争前北洋舰队在提督丁汝昌的率领之下,曾在1886年至1892年间三次造访日本。北洋舰队以其强大阵容,如在亚洲屈指可数装备先进舰船、高素质的海军官兵等,深受日本舆论界之关注,对比日本海军建设落后,日本国内一股北洋舰队"威胁论"的舆论风暴瞬间掀起。此外,俄国开始着手进行西伯利亚铁路铺设。北洋舰队的访日,更加强了日本对中、俄的戒备之心,而北洋舰队的"威胁论"为日本开始大力发展和建设海军作了舆论掩护。之后,北洋海军因种种原因,发展停滞不前。而日本海军发展则呈现迅猛态势,到中日甲午战争前夕,北洋海军的整体实力已远远被超过了。     

国际科技交流合作中的知识产权归属

作为国际科技合作交流的一种形式,我国高校和研究机构派出越来越多的研究人员和学生到国外大学、研究机构和企业从事访问研究和实习。本文研究如何确定这些国际交流合作中产生成果和知识产权的归属和分配。本文通过文献调研和对实际典型案例的研究,提出了判断归属的依据和确定分配时应考虑的关键因素。