Schooling of Children with Rare Diseases and Disability in Europe

ABSTRACT

Inclusive education of disabled students has been promoted in European disability policies. However, the transition process from more segregated system is slow. The purpose of this study was to provide an insight about different types of schooling of disabled children affected by a rare disease across Europe and to evaluate their and caregivers’ well-being. We analysed data from a cross-sectional study (BURQOL-RD) of persons with rare diseases that cause intellectual and/or physical disability: Prader-Willi syndrome, fragile X syndrome, three types of mucopolysaccharidosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The sample consisted of 359 children aged 6–17 and 269 caregivers from eight European countries. Results showed differences between countries in proportion of students placed in special schools, which are still valid option in countries such as Germany, France or UK. Within the inclusive education modalities, lack of special support for disabled students was observed especially in low-income countries. No association between the type of schooling and quality of life was observed, but the subjective caregivers’ burden seems to be higher in special schools. The study shows existent differences in implementation of inclusive education in Europe. More research is needed in the field of rare disease disability and educational needs.     

Lipid peroxides,vitamin E levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum of respiratory disease patients

The concentration of serum lipid peroxides, tocopherol and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was measured in 75 patients (43 males and 32 females) of different respiratory diseases aged 15–40 years. The results were compared with the values obtained from 100 healthy persons of comparabie age. The patients of respiratory diseases showed elevated levels of lipid peroxides with concomitant reduction of tocopherol and glutathione peroxidase activity. When these patients were categorised into different groups depending on the type of the disease like pulmonary tuberculosis (PT), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PT and COPD) and suppurative lung disease (SLD). There was no significant difference between the groups. A significant inverse relation was found between lipid peroxides versus tocopherol and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients of respiratory diseases. The results suggest the involvement of lipid peroxidation process in pulmonary damage.     

妨害传染病防治罪的主观罪过及其适用

新冠病毒疫情的发生相当程度地激活了妨害传染病防治罪的司法适用,对本罪的主观罪过内容需要进一步的规范梳理及厘定。把妨害传染病防治罪的主观罪过认定为过失不符合刑法的规范构成,也与司法实践中发生的个案情形存在认识上的抵牾。尽管罪过要件具有罪名适用的界分功能,但是不能为了界分需要而反推本罪的主观罪过。本罪作为故意犯罪是心理事实与规范事实的统一,在具体适用中需要对本罪的刑罚受罚条件进行重新认识,并通过法益实体内容来界分极易混淆的以危险方法危害公共安全罪。     

疗治教育痼疾的探索：日本“宽松教育”述评

"宽松教育"是一种通过给学生提供宽松氛围以培养其生存能力、创新能力的教育理论和实践。"宽松教育"的演进可以区分为"局部实施"、"全面实施"及"调整"三个阶段;为确保"宽松教育"目标的达成,日本政府围绕教育内容、教育时间等采取了一系列措施,但总体来看,"宽松教育"的实施效果并不理想。"宽松教育"是疗治现代教育痼疾的一次探索。作为一种教育理念,"宽松教育"具有一定的合理性;不过,"宽松教育"在实施过程中也出现了某些失误。     

楚雄地区甲肿病患者发样中12种微量元素研究

为探讨微量元素与甲肿病间的关联性及临床意义。采用ICP-AES等离子体发射光谱仪和2,3-二氨基萘荧光法测定楚雄地区甲肿患者人发中12种微量元素。选取甲肿病患者30例,对照组33例。结果表明,甲肿组发中Zn、Cu、Mn、N i、Se、Sr、P水平降低,Cd、Cr、Fe、Mg、Ca水平升高,并有显著差异(P<0.05)。甲肿病组间性别比较显示男性发Mn、N i高于女性,发Fe水平差异不大,其余元素含量均低于女性。中年组发Zn、Cd、Cr、Cu、N i、Sr、Mg、Ca水平较高,青年组发Se、Fe、Mn、P等元素含量较高。城市人群发Cu、Sr、Se、Mg、Ca含量比农村人群高(P<0.05),其余均低于农村人群。微量元素与甲状腺功能状态相互关联,在甲肿的病理生理机制中可能起着重要作用。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)由于其患病人数多,死亡率高,社会经济负担重,已成为一个重要的世界公共卫生问题.本文从西医治疗(糖皮质激素、β2肾上腺素受体激动剂、抗胆碱药、茶碱类药物、抗生素类药物、联合用药)、中医治疗(急性加重期、缓解期、其他疗法)及非药物治疗三方面进行了系列介绍.     

多媒体技术在《动物寄生虫病》教学中的合理应用及优势探讨

《动物寄生虫病》是畜牧兽医专业重要的专业课。动物寄生虫在日常生活中很少接触且其形态多数肉眼难以看到,因此,这使学生在学习过程中常感到乏味。在课堂教学过程中引入多媒体,可将动物寄生虫不同阶段的形态和发病部位变化直观的展示出来,但教师在教学过程中必须注意合理应用多媒体,才能发挥其优势。     

黄山地区人工养殖蟾蜍主要疾害及防治

2007年3月-2011年9月,对黄山地区人工养殖蟾蜍发生的主要疾害进行了调查,发现主要有腐皮病、红腿病、烂鳃病、胃肠炎、白内障、水霉病、气泡病等病害,车轮虫、舌杯虫和水蛭寄生虫害以及蛇、水虿、鸟等敌害。初步掌握了这些疾病的临床症状、病理变化、流行特点以及敌害种类,并对以上疾害提出了相应的防治措施。     

云南禄劝县烤烟成熟期主要病毒病种类及侵染特征初探

采用TAS-ELISA,DAS-ELISA和ID-ELISA 3种检测方法,选用11种病毒病原血清对禄劝烟区烟草成熟期受害典型样本进行检测.结果表明,禄劝烟区烟草成熟期的病毒病具有从单一侵染向复合侵染演变趋势,且病原危害种类以TMV为主,CMV次之,除此之外尚存在TEV,TVBMV等病毒.烟草成熟期受害叶片症状呈现＂复杂化与多样化＂特征,借助先进检测手段、扩大病原血清种类是探索清楚当地烟草成熟期主要病毒病种类的必要措施.     

湖南植物区系种子植物特有属的特征及其成因探讨

湖南植物区系有中国种子植物特有属65个,隶属于41个科,它们具有丰富性,古老性、热带亲缘关系和温带性质的特征。产生这些特征的原因主要有:①自三迭纪以来,具有相对稳定的地质历史;②是中国特有成分,东亚成分、东亚—北美成分的发详地;③是华东地区、华中地区和华南地区的交接地带。