基于决策者偏好的正负靶心灰靶决策方法

基于已有的研究,在多属性灰靶决策中将决策者对某些属性指标取值的理想偏好和选择偏好所决定的正靶心扩展到负靶心。分析不同的属性值偏好对决策方案指标的影响,并采用广义灰靶决策的方法处理决策者的偏好。基于未一致规范化决策方案样本值矩阵确定正负靶心后,再将决策者偏好的属性值置换求得融入决策者属性值偏好的正负靶心指标值。然后求得各个决策方案的正负靶心距,并以各个方案到正负靶心综合靶心距离的贴近度作为方案的评价依据。算例分析表明,该方法能够有效地处理决策者对某些属性的指标值有不同偏好的情况,且使得决策结果客观。     

再制造产品的经济合理性评价

主要探讨再制造产品盈利能力的影响因素,开发一种方法用于评估各种再制造产品的经济合理性。从49例价格偏好的研究发现,在许多情况下,原始设备制造商(OEM)同时生产新产品和再制造产品将获得更大的整体利润。同时指出产品间和个人间的定价行为差异以及转换行为差异,基于合理假设,即在一定价格区间内,由新产品向再制造产品间的偏好转移是呈线性关系的,从而相对简化计算,便于分析在什么情况下OEM同时生产新产品和再制造产品是具有经济合理性的,将会导致什么样的相对价格、销售额和利润。     

文化适应模式理论对综合英语教学的启示

Schumann创建的文化适应模式理论从社会环境和学习者个人的心理因素的视角对第二语言习得的动力机制及学习者语言的洋泾浜化现象提出了独到见解。文中阐述了该理论的基本内容以及Schumann对两个制约二语习得水平的因素的观点,在此基础上指出了该理论对于综合英语教学的可借鉴性并提出相应的策略。     

Approaches to studying and perceptions of the academic environment among university students in Pakistan

There has been a paucity of research on the experiences of students at Pakistani universities. A survey of over 900 students at two universities examined their approaches to studying and perceptions of their courses. Evidence was obtained for a deep approach, a surface approach and two aspects of a strategic approach. Their perceptions were based upon the instructional practices, the acquisition of generic skills, the appropriateness of the assessment and of their workload, and the available learning resources. A higher‐order analysis revealed two broad dimensions of the student experience in Pakistan. Students who had positive perceptions tended to adopt a deep approach, to prefer courses, teaching and assessment that supported their understanding and to be engaged and reliable in their studies. However, students who had negative perceptions tended to adopt a surface approach and to prefer courses, teaching and assessment that reinforced this approach through the bare transmission of information.     

基于扎根理论的高校学生移动阅读使用偏好分析

信息社会移动阅读逐渐兴起,为鼓励大学生合理使用移动阅读,图书馆必须有所作为。文章运用扎根理论,通过问卷调查的方法,对高校学生移动阅读使用偏好进行分析;并根据所得数据和结论,对高校图书馆开展移动阅读服务提出了一些建议。     

基于MADM方法的个性化推荐研究

个性化推荐服务可以帮助用户便捷高效地获取所需的商品,本文通过将语言标度引入到MADM方法中的模糊语言量词引导OWA算子方法中,利用Web用户反馈的不完全信息来分析具体信息用户偏好,向具体用户推荐其可能感兴趣的商品来提高用户的忠诚度。     

Autonomy-connectedness, acculturation, and independence-interdependence among various cultural groups in a multicultural society

The present study was aimed at investigating the relationships between autonomy-connectedness and adherence to independent and interdependent values in second-generation Dutch immigrant women with a background in countries labeled as collectivistic, and same-aged indigenous Dutch women (N = 180 and N = 157, respectively). Both groups completed the Autonomy-Connectedness Scale (ACS-30; Bekker & Van Assen, 2006) and the Self-Construal Scale (Singelis, 1994). Additionally, those with an immigrant background filled out the Acculturation Questionnaire (Arends-Tóth & Van de Vijver, 2003). Contrary to expectations, both groups had similar levels of self-awareness, whereas the indigenous Dutch women were - after controlling for educational level - more sensitive to others. In both groups, but even more in the group with an immigrant background, adherence to independent values appeared to contribute substantially and positively to self-awareness as well as capacity for managing new situations, and negatively to sensitivity to others. In addition, adherence to interdependent values contributed, for both groups, positively to sensitivity to others, and, for those with an immigrant background, negatively to self-awareness. The ACS-30 appeared to be useful for assessing autonomy-connectedness in the immigrant groups that participated in the study. The results confirm that a simple distinction between native and immigrant Dutch groups in terms of being self- or other-focused should be rejected, and give rise to further, clinically relevant research questions.     

Adolescents’ future wishes and fears in their acculturation process

In this study we aim at learning about adolescents’ future fears and wishes from different cultural origins with a view to finding implications for intervention in the furthering of their satisfaction and social integration in their acculturation process. The study sample comprised 938 secondary school students—64.4% Spanish, 19.7% South American and 12.8% African. Wishes and fears were evaluated by means of two open questions and the answers were categorized following traditional content analysis methodology. Results show that the adolescents wish for a satisfactory job, family and economic situation, and that they are concerned about aspects such as their own health and that of their family, the possibility of having a precarious job, isolation from their family of origin, and not forming a family. The findings also allow us to give differential profiles according to the cultural origin of the adolescents.     

Bringing together acculturation theory and intergroup contact theory: Predictors of Flemings’ expectations of Turks’ acculturation behavior

The present paper explores Flemish majority members’ expectations concerning the acculturation of Turkish minorities. We studied two kinds of antecedents: majority members’ perceptions of Turkish minorities’ acculturation behavior and their experiences of intergroup contact. The possible mediating role of outgroup affect was also investigated. 247 Flemish high school students completed a survey. Data were analyzed using path analyses. Results show that positive contact experiences and perceiving that Turkish immigrants make efforts to engage in contact with the host group and/or to adopt the host culture are associated with less negative affective reactions towards Turkish migrants. Perceiving that Turkish immigrants maintain their heritage culture is associated with more negative affective reactions. Our results further revealed that increased negative affective reactions are associated with less support for culture maintenance and for contact with the host group but with a higher demand for host culture adoption. The present results also show that expectations of contact engagement and expectations of host culture adoption cannot be considered as equivalent. This implies that results from studies using Berry's conceptualization of acculturation expectations (Berry, 2001) and results from studies using Bourhis’ conceptualization of acculturation expectations (Bourhis, Moïse, Perreault, & Senécal, 1997) are not directly comparable. Our data also clearly disconfirm the orthogonal structure of the fourfold acculturation model for majority members’ acculturation expectations, suggesting that relying on the specific dimensions defining acculturation expectations may constitute a more valid approach to understand ongoing acculturation processes.     

Acculturation and psychosocial adjustment of Chinese international students: Examining mediation and moderation effects

This study examined mechanisms through which acculturation influenced psychosocial adjustment of Chinese international students. Specifically, these mechanisms refer to the mediating and moderating effects of social interaction and social connectedness with host nationals upon the acculturation–adjustment linkages. Chinese international students from four universities in Texas responded to a web-based survey (N = 508). Results from regression analyses showed social connectedness with Americans mediated the links between adherence to the host culture (acculturation dimension) and psychosocial adjustment (i.e., depression and sociocultural adjustment difficulties). Social interaction with Americans moderated the association between adherence to the home culture (acculturation dimension) and depression. We discussed implications for theory and health promotion practice, and presented directions for future research.