从坦赞铁路到蒙内铁路 历史的传承与发扬——北京交通大学非洲铁路人才培养模式探究

20世纪后期、21世纪初期,北京交通大学先后参与到两大非洲铁路工程配套人才专项,成建制接收、培养了坦赞铁路和蒙内铁路留学生。这是北京交通大学甚至我国来华留学培养史上的标志性事件。在两个不同历史时期,北京交通大学在立项、招生、教学、管理等方面做出了有益探索,形成了行之有效的培养模式。文章挖掘史料,分析坦赞铁路人才项目的设计、实施策略,总结其历史价值、借鉴意义。进而研究了蒙内铁路留学生项目对坦赞铁路人才培养模式的继承,以及在新时代背景下,北京交通大学为其注入的新元素、新特色。文章勾勒出了蒙内铁路、坦赞铁路留学生项目既一脉相承,又与时俱进的非洲铁路人才培养模式。     

复制非洲神话--论《黑暗的中心》的殖民主义

康拉德的《黑暗的中心》是一部引起很大争论的小说,本文论述了康拉德的小说《黑暗的中心》中的非洲和非洲人形象以及欧洲殖民者形象,认为康拉德虽然揭露了殖民者的罪恶,对非洲的苦难表示了同情,但由于受欧洲文化相对主义的影响,康拉德在小说中又一次复制了非洲神话,并且相信英国的殖民统治不同于欧洲大陆的殖民统治,它会给殖民地带来光明。因而,康拉德仍然是一个种族主义者。     

WhatsApp use among African international distance education (IDE) students: transferring,translating and transforming educational experiences

ABSTRACT

Much of the research on how social media is embedded into the educational practices of higher education students has a Western orientation. In concentrating on a case study of the varied ways in which African International Distance Education (IDE) students actively use social media to shape their learning experiences, we discuss an under-researched group. The paper draws on analysis of 1295 online questionnaires and 165 in-depth interviews with IDE students at UNISA, South Africa, one of the largest providers of IDE globally. WhatsApp emerges as ‘the’ key social media tool that opens up opportunities for IDE students to transfer, translate and transform their educational journey when studying ‘at a distance’. Although WhatsApp does provide a ‘space of opportunity’ for some students, this is framed through socio-technical marginalisation, itself a reflection of demographic legacies of inequality. Exploring social media practices though the case of African IDE students places these students centre stage and adds to the awareness of the multiple centres from which international education is practiced.     

The World Bank and financing higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa

This article critically examines World Bank andother donor agency's policy changes towardfinancing of higher education in Sub-SaharanAfrica. It concludes that policy vicissitudeshave adversely affected these institutions. Therecommendation is that the unique context ofeach state play a role in higher educationfinancial policy formation and implementation.     

Beyond business as usual: Aid and financing education in Sub Saharan Africa

Since 1990 and the World Conference on Education for All well over half a trillion dollars has been disbursed as aid to education with much of it targeted on low income countries especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some of the beneficiaries of this aid have transformed their economies and their education systems to the point where they can act as fiscal states and finance their recurrent and capital spending on education from domestic revenue. But too many states have failed to make this transition and remain overly dependent on sequential waves of external assistance to reduce gaps between the finance available and what is needed. Grant aid is now unlikely to grow as COVID-19 related recession supresses donor spending. Concessional lending to countries with sub-prime credit ratings and high debt service ratios looks imprudent. The architecture and goals of external assistance need to change to focus on making better use of the resources that are available though much increased efficiency and effectiveness, and on ensuring domestic revenue is increased since this is the only pathway to sustainable development that avoids the infinite do-loop of using aid to fill gaps rather than to address their causes.     

Becoming a teacher: Experiences of female trainees in initial teacher education in Nigeria

This article foregrounds the experiences of female trainees on a scholarship programme for initial teacher education aimed at increasing the number of qualified female teachers from rural northern Nigeria, and boosting female pupil enrolments. Challenging conditions in colleges of education, including curricular shortcomings, overcrowding, limited resources and inadequate learning support were compounded by non-academic factors – especially financial, and gendered constraints. Collectively, they threatened student retention, learning and attainment, and the programme’s gender equity goals. Findings highlight the need to move beyond increasing numbers of female student-teachers, to improving quality in teacher education, paying attention to out-of-college conditions too.     

南非现行小学英语课程标准及课程评价

在21世纪,英语作为一门全世界广泛应用的工具性语言,其重要作用不言而喻。作为英 国曾经的殖民地,英语是南非的官方语言,故在英语教育方面应该有值得我们借鉴之处。从课程标 准的框架、目标、内容和评价方面对南非小学英语课程标准进行分析研究,可以发现其课程标准设 置详细全面,课程标准语言表述具有良好的可操作性,且可选择学习不同的语言,这对进一步完善 我国小学英语课程标准设置具有一定的启示意义。     

欧盟对非洲的援助简述

欧盟对非洲的援助经历了一个长期的过程．期间又出现几个不同的时期。本试图以时间为序,通过回顾欧盟成立前欧共体国家对非洲的援助,对比分析欧盟成立后对非洲援助的战略、援助方式和现阶段对非援助的特点,对欧盟援非前景做出预测。     

中国在非洲海外利益维护问题初探

中国在非洲的利益一直都是中国对外政策与外交战略的重点,中国在非利益从结构上可分为经济利益、政治利益、安全利益及文化利益,中非交往的不同阶段所体现的利益重点不同,即中国在非利益具有长期性、成长性和阶段性的特征。随着中非交往的不断深化,中国在非洲涉及的利益无论从广度还是深度来说都扩大了,并且在扩大的过程中也随之出现了一系列的矛盾。非洲对于中国和平崛起具有重要的意义,因此维护、协调、巩固和发展中国在非的利益不仅是维护中国国家利益的需要,也是中非友好交往的内在要求。     

资源开发与经济增长--以撒哈拉以南非洲产油国为例

“资源劫难”说解读了这样一种现象:那些拥有丰富自然资源的国家,它们的经济发展反而不如那些相对来说资源匮乏的国家。对于撒哈拉以南非洲产油国而言,资源开发既带来了短期经济增长率的快速提高,也产生了经济增长格局失衡、冲突频发、石油收入分配不公平等负面影响,其根本原因在于非洲国家政治根基不甚牢固、政府治理能力低下和发展政策失误等因素。有鉴于此,非洲国家在资源开发中,逐渐形成了新的“资源观”和“发展现”,充分发挥自然资源对国民经济发展的推动作用,进而实现减缓贫困、社会进步的战略目标。