OCLC in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Chronology

ABSTRACT

From one library in 1995 to 884 in 2008, the number of Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) libraries in Latin American and the Caribbean has grown significantly. They are presently active in 27 countries and territories. The following chronology highlights not only the significant achievements since 1997 that OCLC has made in providing products and services to the region but also the contributions the libraries in the region have made to OCLC in providing input and advice to the governance and product development.     

Chile: From the Pay-for-Access Model to a Civic Right to Information

The earlier funding model adopted by Chile to implement programs of access to scientific information had been unique within Latin America. Countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico had successfully tested charging the service provision to the nation’s general budget, and had achieved a model of universal access. Chile, on the other hand, had followed a path where a co-financing model and the derived logic regarding action of the state created the Electronic Library of Scientific Information Program (BEIC), which limited benefits to only those users who belonged to the institutions that had the ability to pay and already had a consolidated community of researchers. This article reviews public policy options adopted to ensure access to resources of scientific information by the communities of researchers and reflects on the important change that occurred in 2012, when the Chilean State decided to finance the entire cost of the BEIC Program and to define access to information as a de facto universal right. The article also discusses future challenges and new programmatic features as a result of periodic assessments of the program.     

美国社区学院教育理念与教学实践探析——以哈特兰德社区学院为例

哈特兰德社区学院是一所办学时间不长的院校,其教育理念和教学实践吸取了美国诸多社区学院的长处。从教育理念上看,主要有尊重教师、以学生为本、重视基础课程教育、注重能力培养等。从教学实践上看,哈特兰德采用了多样化的教学方式,广泛运用了讨论式教学法和现代教学设备与手段。这些理念与实践经验对我国高职院校的改革和发展具有重要借鉴意义。     

美国大学工科物理课程探析

工科物理是中国和美国大学工科学生的必修课,在培养学生的基本科学素养中起着重要的作用。文章详细介绍了美国俄亥俄州立大学工科物理教学的各个环节,并对中美工科物理的异同点进行了比较和分析。     

美国家庭性教育的启示

性教育不仅包括涉及性的内容,一定程度上也包括人格教育和道德教育.家庭是人生的第一个课堂,家庭中开展性教育是非常必要的.主要探讨中美家庭性教育的特点,提出美国家庭性教育对我国家庭性教育发展的一些启示.     

美国和新加坡的思想政治教育比较及其启示

美国和新加坡思想政治教育的实践性和实效性富有特点,美国注重组织学生参加课外活动和社会服务,新加坡非常重视社会实践,在实践中完成养成教育.两国都强化国民意识,注重学校、家庭、社会以及政府的齐抓共管,通力合作;注重思想政治教育的层次性,从易到难,循序渐进;注意教育内容的有机衔接,形成了系统工程;考虑教育对象的接受层次,学生易于掌握和内化,教育效果明显.美国和新加坡思想政治教育的实践性和实效性,对我国思想政治教育有一定的借鉴意义.     

1927年“南京事件”对中美外交的影响

19世纪20年代,中国国内政治形势发生了巨大的变化,国民革命运动兴起,通过北伐战争,北洋军政府被推翻。期间,南京国民政府成立,国共合作破裂。大革命期间的中外关系进入了一个新的局面,摩擦不断。1927年3月24日,发生了"南京事件",亦称"南京慘案"。事件发生之后,中美两国在长达一年的交涉中,不断逐渐调整双方关系。"南京事件"对中美两国关系产生了重要影响,也对蒋介石亲美外交的形成产生了重要的影响。     

美国公共图书馆未成年人服务的特点

通过对美国公共图书馆未成年人服务相关文件和典型案例的分析,总结了美国公共图书馆未成年人服务的特点,共九个方面:具有悠久的历史,重视未成年人服务的指导,配备青少年服务馆员并提出明确的素质要求,设立专门的服务空间和全面的建设要求,提供区别化和特色化的服务,鼓励青少年参与管理,重视未成年人服务质量的评估,注重与外界的合作,开展未成年人服务的教育.参考文献62.     

Looking Presidential: A Comparison of Newspaper Photographs of Candidates in the United States and Taiwan

News coverage of elections is a popular topic in mass and political communication research. Studies of this tradition usually focus on news articles and neglect another important element of news content: news photographs. In this study, newspaper photographs of presidential candidates in the United States and Taiwan were compared. Generally, US candidates were more likely to be portrayed as a beloved leader, at leisure, from the side or back, looking determined, as a leader and follower, standing or walking, and with cheering crowds. Candidates in Taiwan were more likely to be depicted in a ‘glad-to-see-you’ pose, with a camera angle looking down, with no expression, as an equal to others in the same photograph, and with inattentive people. How political and cultural differences between these two countries may have contributed to such variations was also discussed in this study.     

体育场馆促进城市更新的效应:美国策略与本土启示

美国体育场馆促进城市更新的实践经验,对提升我国体育场馆促进城市更新的效能具有重要参考价值。研究发现,美国体育场馆促进城市更新效应的主要表现为:城市整体形象改善;经济活动回归城市中心;体育场馆周边区域土地使用效能提升;体育场馆周边区域房产增值;体育场馆周边区域人口的数量和质量提升;更新效应的呈现时间具有一定的长期性(滞后性)。在“城市触媒”理论指导下,美国体育场馆促进城市更新的推进策略为:制定详细的城市更新计划;成立专门的城市更新机构;充分发挥公私合作投资优势;多元政策支持体育场馆建设;重视内部化体育场馆的外部效应;丰富场馆内容供给,提升体育场馆的“触媒”能量;注重场馆外部联姻,增强体育场馆的催化作用。提出本土启示:将体育场馆建设与改造纳入城市更新计划;集中文体娱乐设施,合理确定城市更新范围;深入推行公私合作,提升体育场馆治理水平;加快建设城市体育服务综合体,推动体育场馆外部效应内部化;充分利用城市存量空间,加强体育场地多元供给。