Learning to be Swedish: governing migrants in labour-market projects

This article focuses on adult learning in labour-market projects targeting unemployed migrants in Sweden. Drawing on a Foucauldian analysis of governmentality, the results of the study problematize the ways that such projects produce individualizing discourses – targeting individuals, constructing them as responsible for their position as unemployed. The project’s target groups are generally defined not on the basis of ethnicity as such, but rather using terms such as non-Nordic background, foreign born and immigrants. However, two groups considered especially problematic are constructed through ethnicity: Somali and Roma people. The notion of social competency is analysed here as a way of constructing the unemployed migrants as not yet employable. Another significant result concerns the notion of gender equality, which makes migrants governable because it constructs boundaries between Swedishness and Otherness. In line with this rationality, the targeted migrants are governed towards Swedishness through learning gender equality. These results raise a number of issues of great concern for the inclusion of migrants in the labour market, as they highlight a paradoxical relationship between the inclusive ambitions of interventions targeting unemployed migrants and the ethnicized discourses of ‘Othering’ that imbue these learning practices.     

Education as Part of the Migratory Project of Latin American Migrant Women Traveling to the United States in Undocumented Conditions

Education is an indispensable element for the development of society. In Latin America, the point of origin of most of the undocumented immigrants to the United States, equal opportunity in access to education and educational achievement is still pending. The study presented here focuses on the analysis of the expectations of female migrants via Mexico’s northern border, focusing attention on educational attainment as an important aspect of the “American Dream” of the migrant women interviewed and their dependents.     

宁夏六盘山片区生态移民科技需求实证研究

以宁夏六盘山片区116户县内生态移民为典型案例,通过实证调研的方法研究农民对科技知识需求的意愿及其影响因素。结果表明,93.40%的生态移民认可科学技术对改善生活、提高生产的作用,并且对学习掌握科技知识有着较强的需求意愿。分析发现,年龄、性别、文化程度、家庭收入是影响生态移民对科技知识需求强度的主要因素。最后,针对不同层次生态移民的科技需求现状提出相应的对策建议。     

莫高窟第449窟东壁北侧非《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》辨析

有学者提出莫高窟经变中的经架只出现于《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》中,而且是判定《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》的特定标志,从而认为第449窟东壁门北有经架画面的《报父母恩重经变》应为《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》。本文对第449窟东壁门北是否为《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》进行了辨析,并说明经变中的经架并非判别《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》的唯一标志。     

Implicit attitudes toward children may be unrelated to child abuse risk

Objective

To explore whether adults possess implicit attitudes toward children and whether those attitudes are especially negative among respondents who are high in child physical abuse (CPA) risk.

Methods

The present study used an implicit evaluative priming procedure. In this procedure, participants were instructed to make decisions about the evaluative implications of target words. These words were preceded by photographs of child faces or adult faces displaying positive, neutral, or negative expressions. Reaction times for the evaluative decisions were used as an index of the extent to which photos invoked negative or positive evaluative reactions.

Results

Results from 2 studies, the first conducted on a student sample (N = 90) and the second on a parent sample (N = 95), demonstrated that evaluative congruence between the facial expressions displayed in photographs and the target words facilitated responses. Furthermore, the results suggested that regardless of CPA risk, child faces, relative to adult faces, facilitated responses to negative target words, suggesting an out-group bias. This implicit out-group bias was not moderated by respondents’ CPA risk status.

Conclusions

Faces of children, relative to faces of adults, appear to activate negative information structures that facilitate evaluative decisions of negative stimuli, suggesting an out-group bias. Given that out-group biases typically lead to less favorable treatment of out-group members, additional research is needed to examine the pervasiveness of negative evaluative biases towards children and the potential implications of such biases on children's lives. Further, research examining whether high CPA risk parents and low CPA risk parents differ in how they manage initial negative evaluative reactions is needed.     

新型城镇化背景下农民工回流的影响因素研究——以江西省为例

新型城镇化的推进,户籍制度改革对农民工的迁徙决策会产生重大影响,而同时农民工回流的决策对于我国中西部欠发达地区的城镇化推进有着重要意义。文章运用“推一拉”理论的思想以“城（流出地）一城（流入地）”为分析框架,利用对曾在外打工的回到江西省内工业园务工农民工的调查结果,实证分析了农民工回流的影响因素。研究发现,能否在城市稳定体面的生活是农民工回流决策的决定因素,户籍制度反而没有政府想象的那么重要。发达地区城市高昂的居住成本、日常生活成本及处于城市底层的就职状态促使外出农民工选择回到原流出地就近就业。     

农业转移人口城市性研究反思:成就、热点与展望

在传统文献综述法的基础上结合系统性文献综述法,对农业转移人口城市性的研究进行了回顾与梳理,发现:农业转移人口城市性研究经过了初步摸索、快速发展、深化创新三个发展阶段,形成了内涵认识、影响因素、程度测评与实现路径四个主要研究主题。随着实践的发展与研究队伍的扩大,当前农业转移人口城市性的总体研究成果丰硕,方法多元化,研究价值融入了人文关怀,研究结论逐渐深入,但仍缺少跨学科、体系化、综合化及实践性较强的研究。在新时代城镇化的背景下,今后的研究将在实践基础上,借助现代化研究方法,探索信息化研究的创新点和城市性测评的生长点,建立中国特色的“农业转移人口城市性”的理论研究体系,为推进以人为核心的城镇化和现代化奠基。     

唐末五代徽州的北方移民与经济开发

根据方志家谱资料,论述唐末五代徽州北方移民的迁徙路线、定居点等基本状况,考证移民家族的大概数字,探讨经济开发、古村落的创建,证明唐末五代是徽州社会经济发展的转折时期。     

The influences of inductive instruction and resources on students' attitudes toward reading: evidence from PISA 2009

The declining trend in the positive reading attitude of students' has concerned scholars. This paper aims to apply a 3-level hierarchical linear model to analyse how inductive instruction and resources influence both students' positive and negative attitudes towards reading. Approximately 470,000 15-year-old students, and their school principals, from 65 countries completed a questionnaire, which was designed by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). In line with previous research, gender, the student–teacher relationship, online academic searches, and reading habits are correlated with both positive and negative reading attitudes. Multilevel results show that reading attitudes improved when a school provides a context in which inductive instruction has been enforced. The natural log value of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in a country is statistically significantly negative when associated with a student's positive and negative reading attitudes. Further, in a country with largely unqualified teachers, school-level inductive teaching lowers the negative attitude.     

Pornography use and sexism among heterosexual men

ABSTRACT

The idea that pornography promotes sexism is a commonly purported one. This study employed an online sample of heterosexual men (N = 323) to investigate the relationship between pornography use (in terms of both overall level of pornography use and use of violent and/or humiliating pornography) and old-fashioned and modern sexism. The moderating effects of agreeableness and perceived realism of pornography were also assessed. Level of general pornography use and use of violent and/or humiliating pornography was not predictive of either sexism measure. Agreeableness was negatively predictive of both sexism measures, whereas perceived realism was positively predictive of sexism. Agreeableness and perceived realism did not moderate the relationship between level of pornography use and any of the outcome measures.