《劳动合同法》(草案)有关问题之反思

劳务派遣合同属于劳务合同,而不是劳动合同,不能混为一谈,应将某些劳务合同纳入劳动合同法的调整范围。对企业恶意欠薪行为规定的加倍赔偿制度需要进一步完善。将事实劳动关系直接纳入劳动合同法范畴,对保护广大农民工的劳动权益,建立和谐的劳动关系,促进社会主义新农村建设具有重要意义。     

Associations between perceived positive and negative parental contact and adolescents’ intergroup contact experiences

This study investigated the association between perceived parental positive and negative contact and adolescents’ own positive and negative contact experiences and tested perspective-taking, intergroup anxiety, outgroup attitudes, and approach behavioral tendencies as potential mediators. A total of 325 7th and 8th Year Turkish students completed questionnaires in classrooms (M_age = 13.46, SD = 0.75). Structural equation models demonstrated that percieved negative parental contact was directly and strongly associated with negative, but not positive, adolescent contact, whereas parental positive contact had a direct positive association with adolescent positive contact. We further found that perceived parental positive contact was related to higher perspective-taking and lower intergroup anxiety which promoted approach behavioral tendencies which was, in turn, related to more positive and less negative contact among adolescents. The study highlights the critical function of parental positive and negative contact on the formation of adolescents’ contact behaviors.     

The association between characteristics of fathering in infancy and depressive symptoms in adolescence: A UK birth cohort study

Evidence suggests that the quality of fathers’ parenting has an impact on psychological outcomes during adolescence, but less is known about which aspects of fathering have the strongest effects. This study, using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), considers which paternal attitudes towards and experiences of child care in infancy are most strongly associated with depressive symptoms in adolescence, and whether father effects are independent of maternal influence and other risk factors. Primary exposures were fathers’ attitudes to and experiences of child care at 8 weeks, 8 months and 21 months coded as continuous scores; the primary outcome was self-reported depressive symptoms at 16 years (Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire score ≥11). Multivariable logistic regression models showed reasonably strong evidence that parental reports indicating potential paternal abuse when children were toddlers were associated with a 22% increased odds of depressive symptoms at age 16 (odds ratio [OR] 1.22 [95% CI 1.11, 1.34] per SD). There was some evidence for an interaction with social class (p = 0.04): for children living in higher social class households (professional, managerial and technical classes), an increase in the potential abuse scale increased the odds of depressive symptoms by 31% (OR 1.31 [1.13, 1.53] per SD), whereas there was no effect in the lower social class categories. The potential paternal abuse measure needs to be validated and research is needed on what circumstances predict anger and frustration with child care. Effective interventions are needed to help fathers cope better with parenting stress.     

先秦赵人战争观探略

从史料记载的战争实践来看,先秦赵国人的战争观大致可以归纳为四点：功利战争观、民本战争观、以权谋胜敌的思想、军权与将权相对分离的原则。其中民本战争观是典型的儒家军事思想,这是从长远着眼的战略思想,其余三者则是在实际作战过程中形成的战术问题,具有鲜明的兵家军事思想的特色。