The role of team behavioral integration and cohesion in shaping individual improvisation

The notion of improvisation has recently emerged in managerial studies as a viable answer to flexibly dealing with unexpected occurrences. Nonetheless, research on improvisation has essentially approached the issue through a metaphorical framework, and has regularly relied on conceptual frameworks residing either at the individual or the team-level. We investigate how team-level processes affect individual improvisation in complex project domains. Using data from 138 team leaders and members belonging to 38 information systems development teams, we test cross-level hypotheses through hierarchical linear modeling. Team behavioral integration and team cohesion positively affect individual improvisation. Moreover, cohesion positively moderates the influence of team behavioral integration on individual improvisation. In concluding this paper we offer theoretical and practical implications.     

Privacy concerns and disclosure of biometric and behavioral data for travel

In light of mounting privacy concerns over the increasing collection and use of biometric and behavioral information for travel facilitation, this study examines travelers’ online privacy concerns (TOPC) and its impact on willingness to share data with travel providers. A proposed theoretical model explaining antecedents and outcomes of TOPC related to biometric and behavioral data sharing was tested using structural equation modeling with data collected from 685 travelers. The results extend the Antecedents – Privacy Concerns – Outcomes (APCO) framework by identifying a set of salient individual factors that shape TOPC. The findings provide empirical evidence confirming the context dependence of privacy preferences, showing that although travelers are concerned over their information privacy they are still willing to share their behavioral data; while in the case of biometric information, the disclosure decision is dependent upon expected benefits rather than privacy concerns. This study offers insights into privacy behavior of online consumers in the travel context and constitutes one of the few focusing on the social aspects of biometric authentication.     

Reciprocal and prosocial tendencies cultivated by childhood school experiences: School uniforms and the related economic and political factors in Japan

This paper estimates the effects of childhood experiences of wearing school uniforms at public elementary schools in Japan on individual preferences in relation to others (hereafter, other-regarding preferences) in adulthood. The school uniform experience can be endogenous if the preferences and characteristics of the school and parents are included in the decision of schools to implement school uniforms. To examine the causal effect of school uniforms, we exploit the exogenous variation in the expansion of the apparel industry across regions, which the Japanese government used as a catalyst in stimulating the economy, as well as the regional variations in prefectural governors’ initiatives for enhancing regional profitability. We find that that the experience of school uniforms increases reciprocal inclinations and inequity aversion (prosocial) tendencies. We discuss the reasons behind the consequences of school uniform policies on students’ other-regarding preferences later in life, with a focus on an individual’s perception of similarity with others shaped during childhood.     

Protection Motivation Theory as an Explanatory Framework for Proenvironmental Behavioral Intentions

Environmental issues have become important topics in the 21st century. Communication practitioners and scholars struggle with effectively communicating the threat of climate change and other changes to the natural world, partially due to the lack of concern by the general public. We present Protection Motivation Theory as a framework for explaining proenvironmental behavioral intentions among a college sample. Participants (N = 607) responded to an online survey, and the results indicate support for the proposed model, with severity (H1), vulnerability (H2), response efficacy (H3), and self-efficacy (H4) positively predicting proenvironmental behavioral intentions and response costs (H5) negatively predicting intentions. Implications for practitioners and scholars are discussed, and areas of future exploration in this domain are identified.     

Coupling tendencies during exploratory behaviours of competing players in rugby union dyads

This study investigated interpersonal coordination tendencies in 1vs.1 dyads in rugby union, here expressed by participants' movement velocity towards or away from the sideline as they competed to score or prevent a try. We examined whether coupling tendencies of members of each dyad shaped key performance outcomes (try or successful tackle). Data on movement displacement trajectories of eight male rugby union players (aged 11–12 years) were analysed during performance in 47 trials. To assess coordination tendencies during exploratory behaviours in the dyads, analyses of performance time series data were undertaken using variable time graphs, running correlations and cross-correlations. Results revealed distinct coupling patterns characterised by shifts between synchronous coordination and asynchronous coordination tendencies and uncoordinated actions. Observed behaviours were interpreted as attempts of competing participants to create and perceive possibilities for action while seeking to achieve specific performance goals. Findings also revealed that a variety of patterned relations between participants resulted in different performance outcomes.     

A Study of Social Media and its Influence on Teen Information Seeking Behaviors

This article synthesizes seven peer-reviewed articles that investigate the varying roles of social networking sites, cyber peers, and social capital in the information seeking behavior of adolescents. The theoretical approaches of Brenda Dervin, Elfreda Chatman, and Carol Kuhlthau are instrumental in establishing the basis for the research in terms of information seeking behavior. There are three main foci of the research synthesized: information seeking behavior and information needs; maturation or development and behavioral norms; and the ideas of sociability or social capital and bridging capital.     

中华民族多元一体格局中的新疆双语教育

文章对双语、双语人、双语社会、双语教育的概念及双语教育的功能进行了说明,对双语教育的发展历程及新疆双语教育的发展思路作了阐述,并指出新疆民汉双语教育的最终目标应该是培养"民汉兼通"的双语人,实施双语教育,有利于实现新疆社会的和谐发展,促进民族团结和国家统一.     

教师旅游市场决策影响因素研究

利用SPSS统计软件对教师旅游问卷调查数据进行交互分析和主成分分析,得出教师旅游者学历结构特征、人口统计学特征、决策行为模式、出游动机等一般规律;通过这一细分市场所呈现出来的规律,分析了当代知识分子的旅游心理需求,为致力于教师旅游市场开发和营销人员及相关企业提供一定的参考.     

证券市场反应不足、反应过度和泡沫现象的系统思考

在对行为金融理论和实证检验结果进行重新分析的基础上,认为市场反应不足、反应过度和泡沫现象都是正反馈过度反应,只是程度、性质不同;＂市场反应不足＂是一次正反馈过度反应,反应过度是一系列同方向的正反馈过度反应,泡沫现象是一系列长时间正方向的巨大正反馈过度反应.正反馈过度反应普遍存在的主要原因是市场中正反馈交易者的广泛存在和＂赚钱效应＂的驱使.     

金融市场非理性下的资产定价模型及投资策略

传统的主流金融学理论认为资本市场是有效的,并以此为基础产生了现代资产组合模型,资本资产定价模型等经典理论.但在新兴金融市场中,制度性缺陷严重影响这些理论的可行性.本文从行为金融学的视角入手,讨论了在无效资本市场中,如何完善资产定价模型,如何评价股票、公司的价值,理性地进行投资决策.