以“中华”为族称:辛亥革命前后的民族认同

辛亥革命到今年,已经整整一百年了。一百年来,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化,关于辛亥革命的研究也取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。站在一百年的当口,我们的中国近代史研究,还能拿出怎样的成果奉献给读者呢?一百年的学术研究不可能穷尽辛亥革命的全部内涵,随着研究的进展,许多深层次的问题还会不断浮现出来,需要给予关注和思考。下面的三篇文章,就是在前人的基础上,凭借百年中国社会嬗变和学术进步,对辛亥革命进行反思的新成果。李帆教授系统梳理了辛亥前后以"中华"为族称的中国国家民族认同观念形成发展的历程,把中国国家民族观念与辛亥革命的互动及相互影响彰显出来。这几篇文章都有独到视界,见解也有一定深度,特以笔谈形式编发,以飨读者。     

Experiences of master’s students regarding clinical supervision in an applied psychology programme in South Africa

This study explored and described the experiences regarding clinical supervision of master’s students in professional psychology programmes in South Africa. Four participants were purposively selected from four different universities. The participants engaged in reflective writings and in-depth interviews over a one-year span. Data were analysed through interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings indicated that supervision, as compulsory pedagogical activity for these students, serves an essential purpose, as it was identified as the main contributor towards their professional developmental journeys. Interpretation of the findings yielded themes of significance across cases. Identified themes are emotional support, self-acceptance, autonomy and personal growth. Themes were contextualise within broader educational theories as well as within professional career developmental theory in psychology. While becoming a psychologist is known to be a difficult journey, the results indicated that it can also be rewarding, and holds the potential to enhance growth which can be unlocked by the supervisory relationship.     

Languages,script and national identity: struggles over linguistic heterogeneity in Switzerland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

For centuries, Switzerland has been a multilingual country (which currently has no less than four official languages.) Furthermore, one of those languages, German, is characterised by bigraphism (i.e. the coexistence of two different type styles). This article discusses the role played by language and writing systems in the great educational scheme that was designed to create a shared national identity among Swiss people – despite the friction caused by cantonal and local idiosyncrasies, different cultural backgrounds, and deep-rooted traditions. It focuses on the timespan from the mid-nineteenth century to the end of the First World War, a period during which nation-states were formed all over Europe. The findings show how language and writing systems were intertwined with local, cantonal and national identities in a state (Switzerland) that had no uniform national language. It was through the use of language and writing that ideas of ‘us’ (herein, the Swiss) and ‘others’ (herein, the non-Swiss) were constructed, disseminated and perpetuated.     

The phenomenon of becoming religious among secular pupils at high schools in Israel

The phenomenon of adopting a religious lifestyle is growing worldwide in general and in Israel in particular. In the Israeli context, the transition from a secular lifestyle to a religious one is defined as “repentance”. Sociologists define the repentant as someone who has changed his or her beliefs, opinions and behaviours in the direction of the religious-ritualistic establishment. The aim of this research was to examine the attitudes of homeroom teachers in secular state high schools towards the phenomenon of becoming religious among their students. A qualitative methodology was employed for gathering and analysing the data. The findings show that most of the teachers (79%) claimed that the phenomenon of becoming religious is taking place in their classes to some degree or other. Most of the teachers mentioned the features of adolescence (forming an identity, seeking meaning, and peer influence) as the main reasons for becoming religious. At this era of radicalisation, teachers, with the support of the entire education system, are expected to provide a suitable response to those adolescents seeking their way, and help them navigate their path.     

‘I do not like what I am becoming but…’: transforming the identity of head teachers in Catalonia

The aim of this article is to elucidate how a new system of school and teacher assessment in Catalonia is transforming the conceptions, practices and identity of head teachers, especially younger ones. It begins by considering the impact of global neoliberal policies on educational practices, highlighting their Foucauldian productive nature. It then examines the educational context of Catalonia during the last 30 years, emphasising the changing role of head teachers and the impact of neoliberal governance. This is followed by an account and analysis of in-depth interviews with four head teachers, focusing especially on how the head teacher’s objectives, practices and identities are being transformed, or produced, as a result of the new neoliberal ‘assessment regime’. It ends with a discussion on the importance of refusal and resistance to this process and the need to reconsider basic educational and social questions.     

Multiple dimensions of teacher identity development from pre-service to early years of teaching: a longitudinal study

Based on dialogical self theory framework that highlights three dimensions of identity construction (multiplicity vs. unity; social vs. individual; discontinuity vs. continuity), this study explored multiple aspects of teacher identity development over time, in relation to the unity of self, the way the social environment is negotiated, and the shifting or continuing pattern over time. The study employed a qualitative, longitudinal study design that followed five pre-service teachers for four years, including three waves of interviews. Variations of each participant’s journey to develop their teacher identity over time are described. Implications relevant to researchers, teacher educators, and pre-service and beginning teachers are discussed.     

Contorting identities: figuring literacy and identity in adolescent worlds

This paper explores connections and disconnects between identity and literacy for a group of adolescents in a second level classroom setting. We build on Mead and Vygotsky’s conceptualisations of identity formation as an intricate emergent happening constantly formed/reformed by people, in their interactions with others [Mead, G. H. 1999. Play, School, Society. Edited by M. J. Deegan. Oxford: Peter Lang; Vygotsky, L. 1978. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, UK: Harvard University Press]. This paper will set to explore the impact of this on adolescent literacy practice, student choice and agency [Lewis, C., P. Ensico, and E. M. Moje. 2007. “Reframing Sociocultural Research on Literacy: Identity, Agency, and Power.” The Electronic Journal of English as a Second Language 12 (3): 1–205]. The concept of figured worlds plays a fundamental role in our theorisation of adolescent literacy and identity. Literacy and identity remain interwoven in very complex ways for adolescents as they attempt to make sense and meaning from in and out of school experiences [Burnett, C., J. Davies, G. Merchant, and J. Rowsell. 2014. New Literacies Around the Globe: Policy and Pedagogy. New York, NY: Routledge; Davies, J. 2013. “(I’m)Material Girls Living in (in)Material Worlds: Identity Curation Through Time and Space.” Presentation at UKLA Conference, Liverpool]. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research was used in carrying out this exploration with a thematic approach to data analysis. The findings of the exploration identify that there is a disconnect between identity in and out of school. We then see the struggle students have in coming to terms with their various figured worlds, and varying identities in given scenarios. There is an emphasis on the dated nature of some prescribed texts for study on the English course and the need for a review of these to bridge the scholastic and social divide evident from the findings. This paper explores the literacy and identity experiences of one group of adolescents alongside their opinions about the English literacy curriculum.     

Lives on file: a critical assessment of the career portfolio genre

This article examines the ideological dimensions of the career portfolio. This genre, an increasingly common part of high school and post-secondary school curricula, invites students to collect items from multiple domains and to reflect upon what these items say about who they are and where they are going. Through a critical analysis of the primary instructional form used in one school's career portfolio program, this article describes how the genre calls students to present themselves as certain kinds of people inhabiting certain kinds of worlds. More specifically, it is argued the genre prompts students to individualize themselves and endorse in their portfolios a middle-class ideology of self-cultivation and self-promotion.     

Not a one-shot deal: Generative professional development among experienced teachers

This study examines two experienced teachers’ transformations and sense of agency as they implemented a writer’s workshop curriculum with multi-lingual third grade students. Multiple lines of inquiry guide the study including communities of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991), teacher identities in figured worlds (Holland, Lachicotte, Skinner, & Cain, 1998), and the ethic of care (Noddings, 1984/2003). A constant comparative method was used to analyze classroom observation notes, interviews and debriefing sessions (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Findings indicate that teachers transformed their pedagogical practices around writing, and at the same time reconsidered what it may mean to become renewed professionals.