正态分布环境下的医药博弈算法

某些季节性疾病的发病人数在一年当中呈正态分布特征,而治疗这种病的专用药品有效期较短,倘若盲目地大批量采购这种药品,必然会造成很大的浪费,如何合理地采购药品来应对这种疾病的到来呢?本文从博弈学观点出发,构造医药与病人的博弈函数关系[1]来解决这个矛盾;从而也说明了概率统计在医药卫生系统中应用方面的重要性.     

Protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae on the hearts of rats with severe acute pancreatits or obstructive jaundice

Objective  To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhizae (Danshen) in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)- or obstructive jaundice (OJ)-induced heart injury. Methods  A total of 288 rats were used for SAP- (n=108) and OJ-associated (n=180) experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control, and Salvia miltiorrhizae-treated groups. According to the difference of time points after operation, SAP rats in each group were subdivided into 3, 6 and 12 h subgroups (n=12), whereas OJ rats were subdivided into 7, 14, 21, and 28 d subgroups (n=15). At the corresponding time points after operation, the mortality rates of the rats, the contents of endotoxin and phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) in blood, and pathological changes of the hearts were investigated. Results  The numbers of dead SAP and OJ rats in the treated groups declined as compared with those in the model control group, but not significantly (P>0.05). The contents of endotoxin (at 6 and 12 h in SAP rats and on 7, 14, 21, and 28 d in OJ rats, respectively) and PLA₂ (at 6 and 12 h in SAP rats and on 28 d in OJ rats, respectively) in the treated group were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Besides, myocardial pathological injuries were mitigated in SAP and OJ rats. Conclusion  In this study, we found that Salvia miltiorrhizae improved myocardial pathological changes, reduced the content of PLA₂ in blood, and decreased the mortality rates of SAP and OJ rats, exerting protective effects on the hearts of the rats. Projected supported by the Technological Foundation Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science of Zhejiang Province (Nos. 2003C130 and 2004C142), the Grave Foundation Project for Technological and Development of Hangzhou City (No. 2003123B19), and the Intensive Foundation Project for Technology of Hangzhou City (No. 2004Z006), China     

临床医学研究生的科研训练

科研能力是研究生的一项最重要的素质.加强临床医学研究生的科研训练,有利于提高研究生的科研能力,为国家和社会培养优秀的医疗和科技人才,促进实验室和学科的发展.实践表明:制定和严格执行切实可行的科研训练计划,能减轻临床研究生的学习负担,提高工作和学习效率,达到既定的教学目标.     

Performance improvement of complementary feeders using static transfer switch system

The performance of complementary feeders, running in parallel, can be significantly improved by installing static transfer switches （STSs） at critical locations. We develop the STS control logic, which transfers the critical load from the preferred feeder to the alternate feeder when a voltage sag or a fault occurs on the preferred feeder. A forced commutation technique is proposed and implemented to turn off the preferred feeders＇ thyristor, thus avoiding cross current to flow and minimizing the transfer time. Simulation results show that the forced commutation technique is more effective as compared to the recently proposed time delay technique for STS operation. Two different feeders, namely New Exchange, the preferred feeder, and Sector 1-10/2, the alternate feeder of Islamabad Electric Supply COmpany （IESCO）, Pakistan, have been selected for case studies. The software PSCAD/EMTDC professional package has been used for simulation.     

OTseeker helps library and allied health professionals to find quality evidence efficiently

Background: Research is essential for evidence‐based practice yet many health professionals do not have enough time to find research. Studies relevant to occupational therapists can be particularly difficult to find. Most search engines are broad and return a large number of irrelevant articles. Occupational Therapy Systematic Evaluation of Evidence (OTseeker) is an occupational therapy database available at http://www.otseeker.com . Developed by Australian occupational therapists, the resource aims to increase access to research and support clinical decision making. This discipline‐specific database contains pre‐appraised information from a variety of sources and decreases the time required to locate best evidence. Objectives: The aims of this paper are to: (i) describe how health librarians can use OTseeker to help allied health students, researchers and practitioners, particularly in occupational therapy, to find quality evidence; (ii) provide a teaching resource for health librarians based around the OTseeker evidence database; and (iii) highlight new features contained on the OTseeker database. Methods: A case study is provided which focuses on searching for evidence on the effectiveness of upper limb rehabilitation after stroke using OTseeker. Conclusion: This paper may increase the knowledge, skills and competencies of health librarians, helping them to access evidence‐based databases, and educate other professionals.     

论引文索引在信息检索中的重要性

文章阐述了引文索引及引文数据库的特点及作用,并简要介绍了、<中国科学引文数据库>、<中国科技论文与引文分析数据库>,得出引文索引在信息检索中占有重要地位的结论.     

高职畜牧兽医专业“板块式”课程体系探析

本文通过对浙江省畜牧兽医行业人才现状的调查和对目前高职畜牧兽医专业学生特点的分析,提出了高职畜牧兽医专业“板块式”课程体系,并阐述了该种课程体系的理论依据.通过对“板块式”课程体系实施前后学生学习业绩的分析,说明该课程体系在高职畜牧兽医专业中的适用性.     

江苏省高等医学教育结构现状及思考

江苏省经济社会快速发展的同时,高等教育事业实现了超常规、跨越式的发展。本文通过对江苏省高等医学教育的层次结构、专业结构以及地区结构进行现状分析,提出了相应的建议思考。     

如何加强内科实践性教学之我见

随着人才市场对人才需要的转变,内科教学也应一改过去的＂满堂灌＂课堂教学模式,转变为以实践教学为主;从原来的重视学生理论知识的系统掌握,转变到现在的加强学生分析问题、解决问题能力的培养,以培养实用型人才。通过转变教育教学理念,摆正理论与实践教学的位置,处理好加强实践性教学与理论教学课时减少之间的矛盾,拓宽见习、实验途径,以达成我们培养的目标。     

Injury rate,mechanism, and risk factors of hamstring strain injuries in sports: A review of the literature

Hamstring strains are one of most common sports injuries. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize studies on hamstring strain injury rate, mechanism, and risk factors in the last several decades with a focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of this injury. Hamstring injury commonly occurs in sporting events in which high speed sprinting and kicking are frequently performed, such as Australian football, English rugby, American football, and soccer. Basic science studies have demonstrated that a muscle strain injury occurs due to excessive strain in eccentric contraction instead of force, and that elongation speed and duration of activation before eccentric contraction affect the severity of the injury. Hamstring strain injury is likely to occur during the late swing phase and late stance phase of sprint running. Shortened optimum muscle length, lack of muscle flexibility, strength imbalance, insufficient warm-up, fatigue, lower back injury, poor lumbar posture, and increased muscle neural tension have been identified as modifiable risk factors while muscle compositions, age, race, and previous injuries are non-modifiable risk factors. The theoretical basis of some of these risk factors, however, is lacking, and the results of clinical studies on these risk factors are inconsistent. Future studies are needed to establish the cause-and-effect relationships between those proposed risk factors and the injury.