职务犯罪的经济学诠释

从经济学的三个理论前提即“经济人”假设、资源稀缺性和消费者偏好理论可见职务犯罪主体和客体的特殊性、主观和客观方面的复杂性及其必定性,而高收益、低成本是当前我国职务犯罪现象较为普遍的根本原因所在。要杜绝或减少职务犯罪,应采取一系列针对性措施,保证职务犯罪的成本大于收益,使理性的职务主体不愿去从事。     

计算机犯罪现场勘查与对策

本文介绍了计算机犯罪和计算机犯罪现场勘查的概念,并对计算机犯罪的危害性、多变性和计算机犯罪现场勘查的特点、内容、任务进行了深入分析。提出了在进行计算机犯罪现场勘查时的重要对策以及从组织、指挥和现场勘查程序角度介绍了计算机犯罪现场勘查的实施规范。该方案对计算机犯罪提出了有效的打击力度并减少计算机犯罪对社会的危害性。     

浅析工程重要安全事故罪及监理职业涉罪行为方式和原因

通过分析工程重大安全罪的犯罪构成和监理职业的涉罪行为方式和原因，以提高监理单位和监理人员的刑事责任风险意识。     

Kid's stuff: the nature and impact of peer and sibling violence on younger and older children

OBJECTIVE: It is widely presumed that when children are hit by peers or siblings, it is not as serious as similar acts between adults or older youth, which would be termed, "assaults" and "violent crimes". The goal of this study was to compare the violent peer and sibling episodes of younger children to those of older youth in terms of their seriousness and association with symptoms that might indicate traumatic effects. METHOD: The study collected reports of past year's violent victimizations and childhood symptoms in a national probability telephone sample of 2030 children and youth ages 2-17. The experiences of 10-17-year olds were obtained via self-reports and those of the 2-9-year olds from caregivers. RESULTS: The younger children's peer and sibling victimizations were not less serious than the older youth on the dimensions of injury, being hit with an object that could cause injury or being victimized on multiple occasions. Younger children and older youth also had similar trauma symptom levels associated with both peer and sibling victimization. CONCLUSION: There was no basis in this study for presuming peer and sibling victimizations to be more benign when they involve younger children. The findings provide justification for being concerned about such peer and sibling violence in schools and families and for counting such victimizations in victimization inventories and clinical assessments.     

城市化进程中的外来人口犯罪问题研究

外来人口犯罪已经成为制约城市化进程的重要因素。外来人口犯罪的现状和特点呈现数量大、形式多样性、突发性、团伙性等特征。外来人口犯罪的原因有流动性大、亚文化特征影响、管理不足、生活状况较差等特征。治理城市化进程中外来人口犯罪的对策包括营造良好的外来人口社会环境、适用同城待遇的刑事司法政策等。     

Dilemmas for international mobilization around child abuse and neglect

The goal of this commentary is to articulate some issues and dilemmas raised by various efforts to mobilize international action around child abuse and neglect (CAN). We will start by proposing a typology of international mobilization strategies, noting that initiatives to promote CAN programming in new settings have tended to emphasize one of three vectors: governments, professionals, or international NGOs. There are pros and cons to each emphasis, which we discuss. We also review the debates around some of the following dilemmas: Should low-income countries be a top priority for CAN mobilization? Are there cultural and institutional capacities that need to be present in a country in order for CAN programs to work or be ethical? Are some CAN programs more likely to be internationally transferable than others and why so? Has the field adequately considered whether non-CAN programming (e.g., family planning) might actually be more effective at preventing maltreatment than CAN programming? Does the field give adequate acknowledgment that policies and practices emanating from high-resourced and Western countries may not always be the best to disseminate? Are we relying too much on a model of program transplantation over a model of local cultivation? Should we aim for modest rather than ambitious accomplishments in international mobilization? How much emphasis should be placed on the priority dissemination of evidence-based programming? We conclude with some suggestions in the service of clarifying these dilemmas and making some of these decisions more evidence based.     

Child sexual abuse in Japan: A systematic review and future directions

IntroductionEstimating the national prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) and its association with health and developmental outcomes is the first step in developing prevention strategies. While such data are available from many countries, less is known about the epidemiology of CSA in Japan.MethodsFor this systematic review, we searched English databases: Embase, Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R), Ovid OLDMEDLINE(R), PsycINFO, and Japanese databases: Cinii, J-Stage, Children’s Rainbow Center Japan, Japan Child and Family Research Institute, Japanese Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect to identify articles published before July 2015 examining the lifetime prevalence of CSA in Japan using non-clinical samples. Data were extracted from published reports.ResultsWe initially identified 606 citations and after abstract review, retrieved 120 publications. Six studies that met the selection criteria and additional two relevant studies were reviewed. The range of contact CSA for females was 10.4%–60.7%, and the prevalence of this type of CSA for males was 4.1%. The range of penetrative CSA for females was 1.3%–8.3% and that for males was 0.5%–1.3%. A number of methodological issues were identified, including a lack of validated measures of CSA, and low response rates.ConclusionIn contrast to a lower prevalence of penetrative CSA, the prevalence of contact CSA among Japanese females may be comparable or higher in relation to international estimates. Future research on children's perceptions of and exposure to sexual abuse, crime and exploitation in Japan is discussed.     

“Our” Criminals—Israeli Press Coverage of Domestic Political Criminals

The study examined media coverage of Israeli citizens convicted of committing political crimes against the state in order to determine how the media portrays such perpetrators, ultimately to discern what these framing choices suggest about citizens involved in political crimes. In contrast to external acts of political crime for which the explanation provided by the media is clear, mainly that the perpetrator, “the other,” is evil and acting against “us,” this study found that when the perpetrator is “one of us” there is a profound need in the media to find a multidimensional explanation for the act. This study found that the Israeli media applies a personalized news frame to portray each of “our” criminals differently and explain their motivations to the public.     

鱼权力与关系网——以三亚渔港鱼类交易活动为例

中国学者关于社会关系研究集中于稳定的熟人乡村社会,很少有把目光放于变动不居的陌生人市场。运用定性的田野调查方法对三亚渔港鱼类交易活动中各种角色与关系网进行描述分析,发现渔港里权力越大的圈子实现利益的机会越大;越是处于多重关系中心,利益越容易实现;越是处于单一关系边缘,机会越渺茫。