Classroom and Grade Level Differences in the Stability of Teacher Expectations and Perceived Differential Teacher Treatment

Using two independent samples of urban elementary school children from Grades 1, 3, and 5, this study explored the long-term stability of classroom learning environments that differ in the extent of differential teacher treatment favoring high achievers over low achievers, as reported by students. Classroom differences ('high' versus 'low') in perceived differential treatment were highly stable from fall to spring in Grades 3 and 5, but not in Grade 1. Stability in (a) individual children's reports of differential treatment, and (b) teacher expectations for children's year-end reading achievement was accentuated in classrooms where differential treatment was pronounced early in the year, particularly in the higher elementary grades. Findings suggest that there would be heightened risk for problematic teacher expectancy effects and other maladaptive learning outcomes in these classrooms, because stable or rigid performance expectations are coupled with classroom instructional patterns that consistently convey these expectations to children. In contrast, risk is likely to be reduced in classrooms where high and low achievers are treated more equitably in the eyes of children, because teachers' expectations for children are more flexible, and children take longer to discern differences in treatment. The overall consistency of findings in two samples supports the generalizability of the conclusions reached.     

基于联系数同异反分析的CBA优秀中锋竞技水平综合评价研究

利用CBA2005-2006赛季前8名篮球队10名优秀中锋竞技数据,采用理想点法计算各中锋与各项指标最优值的同一度,进而对各中锋竞技水平作联系数刻划和同异反分析,根据各联系数的综合值作出竞技水平综合评价排序,结果显示:10名CBA中锋中的8名竞技水平具有提高趋势,但综合值大于0.5的只有易建联1人,约等于0.5的有李栋梁,接近0.5的有莫科,其余2名具有下降趋势.     

文化差异视角下的旅游资料英译

中国的旅游资源丰富,长久以来一直吸引着世界各地的游客.如何让外国游客在有限的时间内尽可能多地了解中国文化,旅游资料无疑是最便捷的一种途径.由于旅游与文化密不可分,旅游资料势必会涉及诸多文化因素.鉴于此,从文化视角出发,着重分析东西方文化差异给翻译造成的障碍,进而探讨应遵循怎样的翻译原则,采取怎样的翻译策略来合理有效地处理旅游资料英译中的文化差异,从而进一步推动我国旅游业的蓬勃发展.     

汉语对英语语音学习的影响探究

言语要表情达意,离不开正确的发音、节奏和语调.汉英语音的主要差异就在于“律”和“调”的运用上.英语是“重音节律”的语言,轻、重音交替出现,重音间隔时间大致相等.英语中的强读式与弱读式、重音、节奏及语调变化等语音现象都不同于汉语.要克服汉语对英语语音学习的负迁移影响,首先是要掌握汉英语音的主要差异及其影响,然后在这一理论指导下多进行有控制、有导向性的语音模仿,这样才能做到知其然并知其所以然.     

从词汇意蕴看英汉文化的差异

从语言的社会功能看，英汉化差异在词汇层面上往往体现得最为突出，涉及面也最广。本通过分析不同名词在英汉两种语言中所蕴含的意义，从词汇意蕴层面探讨了英汉化的差异，指出化词在很大程度上反映了不同民族、不同时代人们的化心理、审美情趣和时代风尚。同时，通过对英汉词语中词汇空缺现象、词义的联想和化意象差异以及词语的语义和化内涵不等值现象的分析，阐述了深刻理解英汉词语的化内涵在翻译实践中的重大意义。     

中英非语言交际礼俗的文化差异

非语言行为与言语行为一样，在表达思想时与文化紧密联系在一起。由于中英文化的巨大差异，非言语交际行为也存在着大量的差异。通过比较中英双方非语言交际活动中常见的交际礼俗，对比了中英文化的差异。     

浙闽香鱼4个群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD分子标记技术对采自福建东张水库(DZ)、浙江楠溪江(N8、N9)和浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所清江试验场(QJ)的香鱼4个群体进行遗传多样性和遗传关系分析.筛选出15条RAPD引物在4个群体72个样品中共检测到106个稳定清晰的位点,其中多态性位点47个,多态位点比例(PPL)为44.34％.群体遗传多样性分析...     

英汉社会称呼语对比研究

中国与西方不同的文化对汉英社会称呼语有很大影响。对比研究汉英社会称呼语的异同,既有利于人们了解社会称呼语所蕴涵的文化因素,也有利于英语教师改善针对称呼语的教学策略。     

汉英言语交际模式的文化阐释

语言反映文化,文化渗透语言.本文从汉英文化差异入手分析和探讨了其对各自言语交际模式的制约和影响.旨在从文化语言学的角度探讨在语言的教学中,应重视语言背后所蕴涵的文化知识的传授和中英文化的比较,以提高学生的综合文化素养和增强其跨文化交际的能力.     

Co-sleeping and the Importation of Picture Books About Bedtime

In mainstream Western cultures where bedtime means isolation and separation from adults, picture books about bedtime are cultural artifacts created especially for this transitional process of separation. In a culture such as Taiwan where children often sleep with their parents, siblings, or other caregivers until elementary school, the need for picture books about bedtime is an imported concept. The large number of translated Western bedtime books found in Taiwan becomes a rich area in which to explore the impact of imported ideas of childhood on Taiwanese picture book creation. This article takes a close look at the books created by Taiwanese authors with a bedtime theme and notes their culturally hybrid qualities.