“I Do Lots of Things”: Children with cerebral palsy’s competence for everyday activities

This study explored how children with cerebral palsy describe competent performance in everyday activities and sought to better understand the processes by which the children developed competence. Five children with cerebral palsy aged six to 17 years participated in a three-step procedure that included two observations, one semi-structured interview with narrative elaboration, and one cognitive interview. Three factors influenced the competence of children in this study: the environment—people, places, and objects; the quality of the activity—fun and importance; and the child’s personal characteristics—strengths and impairments. The process of building competence was characterised by practice and problem-solving. The outcome of this process was being competent or “doing lots of things”. Children played an active role by problem-solving impairment-related challenges or environmental barriers. “Doing” was not related to the child’s skills or level of independence, but to engagement in activities considered fun and important to the child.     

生活之树常青——浩然小说中的日常生活

对浩然的评价是中国当代文学研究的重要话题之一。但由于浩然在“文革”时期的地位以及与主流话语的复杂关系,对浩然的小说创作,包括他在新时期的创作,并没有在实事求是的批评中给予应有评价。当我们剥离了浩然小说中阶级斗争的话语和线索之后,发现其中仍有感动人心的力量,而这种力量就是来自于作者对乡村日常生活图景的真实描摹。     

Self-regulation in Higher Education Teacher Learning

Various studies have focused on self-regulated student learning. However, little attention has been given to the self-regulation processes in teacher learning. In this study, we focus on the work-related learning processes reported by experienced higher education teachers. The aim of this study was to discover whether teachers actively self-regulate their learning experiences (as their students are expected to do) and to examine how this regulation takes place in the workplace. We tested some generally held assumptions and conceptions regarding teacher learning. Fifteen experienced college teachers, from three different colleges in The Netherlands, participated. Two semi-structured interviews and a (digital) diary study were used as the primary data collection methods. We collected 86 examples of teacher learning episodes. These were analysed using a phenomenographic method. The results show that our teachers’ learning experiences are not as self-regulated, planned, reflective, or spiral as some assume. Sometimes, the teachers’ learning was planned (self-regulated), but mostly it occurred in a non-linear (both external and self-regulated) or spontaneous (externally regulated) way. We conclude that our teachers do not always self-regulate their learning, but they mostly do self-regulate their teaching practice (with learning as a result).     

西藏高原农田生态系统土壤呼吸的日变化和季节变化特征

通过对西藏高原农田生态系统土壤CO2排放状况的观测，讨论了高原冬小麦、青稞和对照裸地的土壤CO2排放日变化和季节变化的特征。冬小麦、青稞和对照裸地的CO2排放的最高点和最低点分别发生当地时间的13:00~14:00和凌晨5:00~6:00左右，但在越冬期土壤CO2排放已很微弱，日变化不明显。冬小麦和青稞地的土壤CO2排放最高值出现在灌浆初期, 可达到40 g m-2 d-1左右；收割后，气温和土壤温度也逐渐降低，土壤中的微生物和小麦根系的呼吸减弱，土壤CO2排放一般为20 g m-2 d-1以下；至越冬期，土壤CO2排放降至2 g m-2 d-1左右，土壤CO2排放非常微弱。高原农田土壤CO2排放与5cm土壤温度变化相关性最好，可用5cm土壤温度来推算高原冬小麦地的土壤CO2排放量，并由此得到在灌浆期高原冬小麦的根系呼吸所排放的CO2量占整个土壤的CO2排放量的34～44%，平均为40%。     

从《申报》舆论透视《马关条约》签订前后的国民心态

通过对《申报》舆论的分析,有利于透视《马关条约》签订前后中国国民心态的变化：不承认甲午战争的失败,对战争的结局抱有明显的侥幸心理;对俄国等西方列强对中日战争及《马关条约》割地的干涉,抱有很高的期望心理;反思洋务运动、反省中国强烈的图变心理;关注西方国家的全面改革的开放心理。     

中美社论态度意义对比及其语境阐释——以《中国日报》和《纽约时报》为例

《中国日报》和《纽约时报》社论态度资源各系统鉴赏、判断和情感的布局,一方面会受到语场、语旨和语式的共同制约而使中美两国社论语篇都呈现出一致的语类结构特征;另一方面由于受制于不同的文化语境,两国社论语篇又形成了自己特有的话语模式。此种模式的形成既是一个历史过程和社会认知过程,也是一个社会与话语之间的相互建构过程。     

修辞手法在新闻标题中的应用——以《人民日报》为例

标题是新闻的眼睛。信息时代媒体的竞争在很大程度上取决于新闻标题的竞争。一个好的新闻标题,可以帮助这条消息从海量信息中脱颖而出,成功闯入读者的视线中;而一个平庸的无个性的标题,则可能使一条好的消息被淹没在信息的汪洋大海中。修辞是辅助新闻标题达到生动凝练的重要手法,知识的储备和活学活用的能力,是新闻编辑熟练运用修辞手法的基础。     

心理绘画日记在小学心理健康教育中的应用

心理绘画日记,指的是学生运用图画加文字的形式,在纸上表达自己的所思、所想、所感、所悟,将自己内心中对外界的认识表现出来,能够有效反映学生的内心世界。小学心理健康教育是小学阶段非常重要的课程,教师可以应用生动有趣的心理绘画日记开展教学活动,探究小学心理健康教育中应用心理绘画日记的作用和方式,落实运用心理绘画日记讲解新课程、开展心理绘画日记的交流活动、创设心理绘画日记的实践活动。     

加强新媒体建设是报业集团做大做强的战略抉择

报网互动,媒介融合,远不止于内容的融合,而应是媒介形态、结构、技术、功能、流程乃至传播方式等方面的融合。受众的需求是推动这种变化的根本动力。信息接收渠道的多样化、受众活动和受众需求的多元化,决定了媒体应该以更丰富的内容和方式为受众提供个性服务。因此,不断探索传统报纸和新媒体的有机结合,通过报纸原创内容优势和新媒体数字化传播优势的结合,推进数字报业发展,开展与其他媒介融合,既是报业创新发展的重大战略选择,也是报业历史发展过程中的必然趋势。     

内蒙古阿拉善地区沙尘天气与部分气候因素关系研究

利用24个气象站点(1961年～2005年)44年的气象数据记录,运用多元线性回归和ArcGIS空间分析方法,定量分析了部分气候因子与浮尘、扬尘、沙尘暴天气发生及变化规律的关系,同时结合阿拉善地区的植被(类型)覆盖图,分析了沙尘天气的分布特点、变化规律及其成因。结果显示,阿拉善地区是我国沙尘天气的多发地区之一,浮尘平均发生日数的空间分布规律是自西北向东南递增;扬尘的空间分布规律是东北部较多,其余地区较少;沙尘暴的空间分布规律是以拐子湖地区为中心向西北、西南、东南3个方向递减,这种分布特点与阿拉善地区的植被覆盖有关。在1961年～2005年的时间段,3种沙尘天气的变化规律各有特点,浮尘天气日数呈先升后降的变化特点,90年代以后发生的日数明显下降;扬尘天气呈波动变化状态;沙尘暴天气亦呈逐渐减少的变化趋势。沙尘天气的发生日数与当时的温度状况呈显著负相关,而与大风日数呈显著正相关,其中与年大风日数的相关关系更为明显,年大风日数每增加10天,浮尘天气一般增加3～6天,扬沙天气一般增加4～10天,而沙尘暴天气一般增加1～3天。当大风日数相同时,沙尘天气发生日数与地表覆盖状况(下垫面性质)有关。由于本区常年降水稀少,降雨量与沙尘天气发生之间的关系未见明显。