面向高阶思维培养的博物馆课程话语分析实证研究

近期,国务院相关部门出台了一系列政策,鼓励利用博物馆资源开展系列活动课程,博物馆的青少年教育功能逐渐受到重视。文章以北京科学中心的10门课程作为研究对象,采用内容分析和滞后序列分析等方法探究课堂上师生对话的特点和学生高阶思维的发展情况。研究发现:博物馆课堂上存在四种典型的对话结构,且博物馆课堂中存在大量的实践环节,衍生了多样的教育内容和教育形式;教师使用合适的引发和反馈话语,如追问、解释等,能最大限度地促进学生高阶思维发展;学生在博物馆课程中展现出高阶思维的比例约为44%,但展现的高阶思维类型不均衡。针对研究结论,提出充分利用博物馆中的教育资源以提高课堂协同知识建构水平,优化话语策略以促进学生高阶思维发展,加强制度设计以促进博物馆教育高质量发展等建议。     

音乐活动：人以美的音响符号进行情感交流的特殊方式

音乐活动是作曲家、演奏家和欣赏者以美的音响符号为中介进行的情感交往的特殊方式。在音乐创作环节中，表现为作曲家主体的本我的情感与物化为他我的符号文本的情感的自我交往；在音乐演绎环节中，表现为演绎者与作曲家以乐谱符号文本为中介的心灵－精神交往方式；在音乐欣赏环节中，则表现为聆听者通过音响符号这个中介与演绎者和作曲家进行的心灵—精神的双重交往。     

“Accidental Racist”: Stumbling Through the Motions of Racial Reconciliation

This article examines country star Brad Paisley’s controversial musical dialogue with rapper LL Cool J about race. First, I compare “Accidental Racist” with “Ebony and Ivory” in light of McPhail’s notions of rhetorical coherence and complicity. Second, I interrogate Paisley’s problematic construction of racial division in light of Gresson’s work. Next, I consider how the inclusion of Cool J’s voice at least partly challenges Paisley’s southern White perspective. In light of Hatch’s theory of reconciliation, however, Paisley’s pseudo-apology proves self-serving and Cool J’s forgiveness is cheap. In the end, their contrived country/hip-hop dialogue dances to the tune of neoliberalism and fails to resonate with either of their core audiences, despite their well-meaning intentions.     

萨满文化视野下萧红、迟子建小说之“对话”

萧红、迟子建这两位东北女性作家虽然存在于不同的历史时空语境中,但她们同样以深深扎根于东北大地的创作实践承传着萨满文化精神,"和而不同"地显现出独具风貌的地缘文化特色,可堪"对话":在创作视野上,她们共同关注万物有灵的黑土地,但萧红是"审丑"式的祛魅批判,迟子建则是审美式的附魅讴歌;在审美风格上,她们都展现出一种复归原始自然的野性悲壮的生命强力,但萧红世界洋溢着一种酒神式个体毁灭的痛楚快感,迟子建世界则充溢着一种纵情地编织迷人梦境的日神式光明;在文本叙事上,她们都运用双声话语进行表达,但萧红以女性眼光与智性眼光相结合去透视,而迟子建则将母性眼光和生态眼光融合一起去展望;在创作思维上,她们都无法摆脱缘自原始惧感思维的死亡情结,但萧红秉持着一种"向死而生"的佛家式苦难意识,迟子建则汲取了"生死齐一"的道家式超然哲学。     

“对话中心课程”发微

＂对话中心课程＂的是基于课程话语多元性的现实要求,对学生作为＂整体人＂的关注以及知识观的变化而提出的。＂对话中心课程＂建构的依据：课程话语多元性需要理解与对话,学生作为＂整体人＂的发展需要对话机制的课程,知识观的改变诱发复杂的对话实践。追求课程编制过程的对话精神,实现课程目标预设性与生成性的统一,把握课程实施的建构取向,倡导课程内容的生活化,建立师生交互主体性,体现着＂对话中心课程＂的应然走向。     

“The Sins of Name Calling”: Responses to Paula Deen’s Use of Ethnophaulisms

Although many think, or wish to think, that racism in the United States is part of our peripheral past, contemporary discourses of racial and ethnic relations suggest otherwise. Discussions of ethnicity and race are still at the forefront of public discourse. The recent publication of news articles citing celebrity chef Paula Deen’s use of ethnophaulisms and prejudiced talk resulted in thousands of user-generated comments and responses. This article purports, then, to highlight the current discourses of racial and ethnic relations as revealed through online responses to one particular ethnophaulism used by celebrity chef Paula Deen. Important to this discussion, however, is the interesting finding that comments made by readers spoke to larger “meta” discourses of language use: Users commented about contemporary American race and racial relations and how we use (or do not use) language with specific purposes and power in mind, rather than the specific case of Paula Deen’s utterance.     

Impact of philosophical enquiry on school students’ interactive behaviour

To be effective, thinking skills interventions are likely to require specific fine-grain changes in the quantity and quality of teacher–pupil and pupil–pupil dialogue in the classroom, but these are difficult to establish. This study investigated the effects of collaborative philosophical enquiry over time on quantity and quality of interactive dialogue in 180 children aged 10 in 4 intervention and 2 comparison primary (elementary) mainstream classes in 6 schools in Scotland. Participating teachers received initial and follow-up professional development. Matched comparison classes received regular teaching. Video recordings of teacher-led and pupil–pupil classroom discussions before, and 7 months into, participation in the programme were analyzed. These were related to a theoretical model of the process. Changes in intervention classes included increased use of open-ended questions by the teacher, increased participation of pupils in classroom dialogue, and improved pupil reasoning in justification of opinions. There were no changes in comparison classes. Variation in degree of change between intervention schools was evident. Implications for future research, policy and practice are outlined, particularly for enhancing consistency and expanding the programme.     

哈贝马斯交往行为理论的德育意义

从道德的起源和本质来看,学校德育应该是一种交往行为。在哈贝马斯交往行为理论关照下的学校德育,应以对话作为师生交往的主要途径,德育内容应回归生活世界,培养具有主体间性的德育主体。     

Dialogue as philosophical inquiry in the teaching of tolerance and sympathy

Classroom conversations designed to foster mutual understanding encourage students to listen in a way that is receptive, open, and self-eclipsing. Such an emphasis on tolerance makes these conversations vulnerable to relativism and cynicism. I argue that dialogical philosophical inquiry diminishes such threats, as it fosters mutual appreciation of community and individuality. I offer three reasons for this in the context of a graduate-level course for teachers on dialogical philosophical inquiry. First, the inquiry into shared concepts creates a sense of commonality that transcends differences: all humans seek wisdom irrespective of its form. Second, dialogical philosophical inquiry prompts students to discover the inherent limitations of their perspectives, and to internalize the perspective of the other as a constant in their own thinking. Third, students are given an opportunity to practice relations with others that are informed by the first two points. In dialogical philosophical inquiry students reflect on their thinking together in an effort to improve it. The philosophers referred to in this article include Martin Buber, Nicholas Burbules, Jim Garrison and Leonard Waks.

Cross-cultural argument interactions between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians

This study examined the argument patterns that result when Israeli-Jews and Palestinians confront each other during group dialogues. We tested predictions derived from two theories. The first was a theory of cultural communication which predicted that Israeli-Jews and Palestinians would argue in a manner consistent with their respective cultural communication codes known as dugri and musayra respectively. Thus, the Israeli-Jews were expected to be assertive and the Palestinians more accommodating. The second theory was rooted in majority/minority power relations and predicted the opposite. The data were generated from reconciliation-based dialogue groups of Israeli-Jews and Palestinians. Communicative acts were coded according to the Conversational Argument Coding Scheme. Analysis of covariance was used to determine which patterns of argument distinguished the groups, and to identify variance attributable to lag sequences and individuals. The results were supportive of predictions from majority/minority power relations.