体育全球化的文化反思

体育全球化的实质是欧美化。奥林匹克是当今体育思想、组织制度、内容形式的集大成者，欧美中心主义表现得淋漓尽致．其特征是“输出”意识强烈、排他性、强化认同。欧美中心主义的体育全球化与人类的理想是相冲突的。在新的世纪，体育全球化是不可阻挡的潮流，但体育全球化必须以文化的差异为基点，充分认识世界体育发展主体的多元性。中西方体育文化的融合是体育发展的选择。     

欧洲早期滑雪运动发展社会动因及对我国的启示

摘要：成功申办2022年冬奥会以来,我国冰雪事业迎来重大发展契机,带动3亿人参与冰雪运动成为我国冬季运动发展的重要目标。采用文献资料法、历史分析法等研究方法,回顾欧洲早期滑雪运动发展的社会动因,是将滑雪运动置于整体社会发展环境中,对生产力、生产关系以及社会的需求等要素进行综合分析,其发展规律反映了生产力发展、精英引导、国家意志等因素的共同作用,体现了欧洲滑雪运动从贵族精英、健康观念形成向大众参与理念转变的发展历程。研究欧洲滑雪从少数人引领到大众参与的进程,将为我国滑雪运动大众化普及提供借鉴。分析认为：1）精英阶级对于滑雪运动的热情促成了滑雪俱乐部在欧洲的兴起,在满足休闲娱乐之余,有效地将滑雪运动与公民意识相结合,培养了社会大众对于资产阶级统治的认同感。2）军事滑雪运动的发展是滑雪运动实现精英阶级向大众推广的重要途径。一战前夕,各国滑雪部队建立,扩大了滑雪运动的参与范围,为国家军事滑雪人才奠定了基础。3）一战后,欧洲国家将滑雪运动引入学校课程体系。政府通过设置学校滑雪课程、降低滑雪价格、住宿、成本等方式鼓励青少年参与滑雪运动,打破了经济基础决定滑雪参与的局面,扩大了滑雪运动的参与群体。随着滑雪人数的增多,各国滑雪比赛逐渐增多推动了国际性滑雪组织建立,欧洲早期滑雪运动得以发展壮大。     

第12届欧洲杯足球赛参赛各队技战术运用能力的综合评价

对第12届世界杯足球赛16支球队31场比赛的9项攻防指标进行Q聚类统计,并对各聚类指标的差异性进行方差分析和多重比较,运用等级相关法对聚类结果进行检验,表明应用Q型聚类对球队的各项指标进行量化评价具有较高的可靠性,结果客观反映了各队技战术综合实力.揭示了欧洲足球运动的发展趋势,并探索一种较合理有效的量化评价球队技战术能力的方法.     

欧洲体育模式的源流与发展对我国的启示

采用文献资料法对"欧洲体育模式"的发展历程进行了研究,通过对欧洲体育模式的研究为我国体育发展方式转变提供借鉴。研究表明,欧盟委员会于1999年提出"欧洲体育模式"概括了欧洲体育的结构和特征,但是包括欧盟和其它研究者都认为"欧洲体育模式"对于欧洲现行体育模式的概括存在着不足。欧洲体育模式多元化将欧盟各国的体育模式突破性地划分为官僚型、传教型、企业型和社会型四种类型,四种类型的体育模式各有其侧重和优劣,同时也都在相应地发生着改变。欧洲体育模式研究的启示在于,体育模式的多元化事实、动态化存在对于我国体育发展方式的促进和推动,以及体育模式比较的复杂性需要注意借鉴的审慎性。     

Filling the Information Gap: Radio Free Europe–Radio Liberty and the Politics of Accreditation at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games

Due to the decision of the Soviet Union and nearly all of its East European satellites to withdraw from the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Games, the communist media provided audiences in the Soviet bloc with few reports on the sporting events in the Olympic city. When Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, broadcasters funded by the US government, attempted to fill this ‘information gap’ by beaming coverage of the Los Angeles Games behind the Iron Curtain, the Soviet Union protested to the International Olympic Committee. They claimed, with a mixture of fact and fiction, that the Radios were tools of the American intelligence establishment and accused them of broadcasting ‘subversive’ propaganda to Eastern Europe and the USSR. Stirred into action by this Soviet manoeuvre, leading spokesmen for the Radios were joined by government officials, private citizens, US Olympic Committee members and the American media in a concerted attempt not only to defend the work of the broadcasters, but also to secure their press accreditation for Los Angeles.     

Medical library services in Switzerland: catching up with EBM

The feature is a part of the series about medical library services in various countries. It gives an overview of medical library services to support research, education and clinical practice in Switzerland. Data were collected by means of an online survey and set in the wider context of the Swiss healthcare system. Key findings are that library services, including support by academic librarians, are provided to health care staff in hospitals – both university and others, while there is no information service infrastructure to serve the large number of GPs and specialists who mostly run their own practice. The authors recommend that – if the health authorities take EBM seriously – information services should be introduced for these small practices. J.M.     

Improving the digital capacity of schools by using the SELFIE tool for collective reflection

Schools play a crucial role in preparing students for a technology-driven world. Although schools incorporate technology for teaching and learning in promising ways, reviewing their organisational strategies would enhance their digital capacity—namely, the effective integration of technology in teaching and learning practices. This article presents insights for improving schools' digital capacity provided by school leaders, teachers, and students from fourteen European countries, through open-ended questions on the SELFIE online tool for collective reflection. This article presents the thematic analysis conducted on 5247 excerpts collected through SELFIE questionnaires, referring to participants' perceptions of their schools' digital infrastructure, the usefulness of technology for teaching and learning, and the perceived need to make the most of technology. Findings align with international studies, which confirm that schools' digital infrastructure still needs improving, while teachers need more training on embedding technology in their teaching practices. Findings also reveal differences in school leaders, teachers, and students' viewpoints and experiences on technology use in their schools. Comparing viewpoints and experiences regarding a school's digital capacity by using a comprehensive and structured process of collective reflection, the SELFIE tool is unique within the field and can offer insights to school communities, education policymakers and researchers.     

A Decade of Coverage (1990–2000): The Mainstream Library Press and Its Coverage of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union and Its Successor States

ABSTRACT

This study examines the coverage of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union and its successor states by U.S. journals indexed in Library Literature between 1990 and 2000. Seventy-one journals were evaluated according to subject content, geographical coverage, document type, and year of article publication. The study found that the majority of articles focused on domestic and foreign library activities. Coverage peaked between the years 1990 and 1994, with a steady decline after that. The study reports on differences in coverage by peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed journals over this decade.     

欧洲女子足球竞赛体系探析

运用文献资料等方法，从竞赛理念、治理结构、竞赛设置、竞赛赛制、竞赛管理等5个方面对欧洲女子足球竞赛体系进行研究发现：欧洲女子足球有更为先进的竞赛理念、科学的治理结构、完备的竞赛设置和严谨的竞赛管理。提出建议：健全治理结构，推进市场化进程；拓宽竞赛渠道，优化竞赛序列；提升竞赛格局，构建服务理念；填补管理空缺等。     

Access to Public-Sector Information in Europe: Policy, Rights, and Obligations

The article reviews the debates and policies on access to public-sector information (PSI) in Europe in relation to the contests between policies of open access, rights of access to PSI by citizens and business, and the assessment of the cost benefits of PSI to the economy and society. The political dimension of these debates within the European Union is highlighted to demonstrate the complexities of the governance of information within a pan-European regulatory framework.