发达国家农村劳动力转移经验及对我国的启示

农村劳动力的转移是一国或地区现代化的必经之路.当今世界主要发达国家农村劳动力转移的基本经验是：以工业化和城市化发展为主要动力,农业现代化为基础条件,政府的政策和法律制度是影响农村劳动力转移的重要因素,加强对农民的教育培训是推动农村劳动力转移的重要举措,适合国情的转移模式是农村劳动力成功转移的关键.为此,分析了当前我国农村劳动力转移的现状和存在的问题,借鉴发达国家的经验,提出了促进我国农村劳动力转移的对策建议：选择适合国情的农村劳动力转移模式,大力促进农业现代化的发展,加快相关政策制度的改革调整,加强教育培训以增强农村劳动力的转移就业能力,通过加大城乡基础设施建设来促进农村劳动力转移,必须循序渐进,以促进我国的现代化进程.     

发达国家公共职业培训制度发展动向及对我国之启示

近年来,在全球竞争日益加剧,就业问题日益严峻的背景之下,欧美发达国家的公共职业培训制度出现了重视提高企业竞争力、重视失业预防以及将就业咨询、职业培训、职业介绍等融为一体的发展趋势。对于面临产业转型升级的我国而言,应当参考发达国家的经验,扩大公共职业培训的适用对象范围,建立以培养高技能人才为目标的职业培训体系,并且应当进一步完善职业能力评估制度,大力推行OJT培训方式。     

ICT access: Testing for convergence across countries

Our objectives for this article are twofold: first, to examine the convergence of nations with regard to ICT access; and second, to see whether countries in the same continental region (South and East Asia, West and Middle East Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania) or having same initial ICT access have coalesced into groups. We constructed an ICT access index using three indicators (mobile phone, Internet, and broadband use per 100 population) for a sample of 198 nations for the 16-year period from 2000 to 2015. Results show that digital divide has declined in relative terms, but not in absolute terms. The countries, starting at lower ICT levels, are not adopting ICT faster than the leaders. Continental region-wise analysis also shows that the catch-up is maximum for already developed countries, and minimum for countries in African and Oceania continental regions.     

Regulatory policy as innovation: Constructing rules of engagement for a technological zone of tissue engineering in the European Union

This paper addresses the question of the part that regulation plays in processes of innovation in sectors of technology. The politico-economic phenomenon of ‘Europe’ is partly constituted by regulatory regime-building, and new technologies are one of the major sites of regime-building. A constructionist social theory perspective shows that study of the conflictual processes of regulatory policymaking affords insights into the formation of the rules of engagement that constitute technology domains. Adopting the concept of emergent ‘technological zone’ in preference to industrial ‘sector’ or technoscientific network, the paper presents, using empirical research, a detailed account of the case of the debate and development of regulatory policy for therapeutic tissue engineering in the European Union's policy institutions and stakeholder networks. It describes how the jurisdiction of an emergent zone has been formed through such negotiations, providing a counter-example to the common view that regulation ‘lags behind’ innovation. The analysis takes account particularly of the part played by the malleability of the definition of the material technology itself in such constructive governance processes, and it also suggests various consequences for the array of producers of the technology, for market structuring and for the innovation pathways taken by tissue engineering technology. Concluding, the paper argues that there is conceptual advance to be made by bringing together constructionist social theory with innovation studies approaches that highlight the part played by non-firm, public institutions in shaping innovation ecologies.     

Blockchain and sustainable supply chain management in developing countries

Theoretical, empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that there are more violations of sustainability principles in supply chains in developing countries than in developed countries. Recent research has demonstrated that blockchain can play an important role in promoting supply chain sustainability. In this paper we argue that blockchain’s characteristics are especially important for enforcing sustainability standards in developing countries. We analyze multiple case studies of blockchain projects implemented in supply chains in developing countries to assess product quality, environmental accounting and social impact measurement. We have developed seven propositions, which describe how blockchain can help address a number of challenges various stakeholders face in promoting sustainable supply chains in developing countries. The challenges that the propositions deal with include those associated with an unfavorable institutional environment, high costs, technological limitations, unequal power distribution among supply chain partners and porosity and opacity of value delivery networks.     

西方创新型国家支持科技创新的财政政策及其启示

在建设创新型国家的过程中,国家的财政政策有着直接而持科技创新的财政政策经验,对我们启示良多.应从以下几个方面健全我国支持科技创新的财政政策:切实保证财政科技投入大幅度增加,制定支持创新的政府采购政策,税收政策要着眼于鼓励企业的研发投入,建立健全创新创业的投融资环境,重视对中小企业创新的支持,加强产学研结合的产业集群建设,完善重大自主创新产品财政补贴制度,完善财税政策的激励约束机制.     

欧洲大陆国家保守主义就业政策分析

面对持续的高失业、凯恩斯主义就业政策失灵和全球化的迅速发展等共同挑战,法国、西班牙等欧洲大陆国家,并没有像英美国家那样选择新自由主义的就业政策,也没有像瑞典等北欧国家那样选择合作主义的就业政策,而是选择了一种以维持传统欧洲社会模式、缩减劳动供给和劳动力市场边缘灵活化改革为基本特征的保守主义就业政策。这种保守主义就业政策的选择,从根源上来讲,是与欧洲大陆国家社会团结主义的历史文化传统、保守主义的福利国家制度、以国家为主导的社会治理结构和其政治可行性相适应的。在现实中,这种保守主义就业政策的实施在保持欧洲大陆国家社会凝聚力与和谐的同时,也面临着平衡劳动力市场灵活性与安全性的严峻挑战。     

论高等教育强国建设进程中的海外办学——以孔子学院为例

孔子学院这一海外办学形式能够扩大我国高等教育的开放程度,并进而对建设高等教育强国起到促进作用。我国应进一步充实孔子学院的办学内涵,从利益关系人的角度出发完善办学中的合作机制,加强并提升孔子学院对我国高等教育扩大开放和建设高等教育强国的贡献。     

新疆中亚留学生汉语教学的社会语言学透视

本文根据新疆中亚留学生汉语教学的客观事实,从社会语言学的视角,依据社会语言学的基本理论,分别从语言接触、语言变异、跨文化三个视角对中亚留学生汉语教学进行了透视,认为对外汉语教学和社会语言学两者之间有着密切的本质联系。

Abstract：

Based on teaching practice and guided by basic socialinguisitc theories,this paper views Chinese teaching to overseas students from Central Asian countries in Xinjiang from a socialinguistic perspective.It discusses langauge contact,language variation and crosscullture and holds that there is a close connection between teaching Chinese to foriegn students and socialinguistics.     

发达国家职业教育推动校企合作的先进经验及对我国的启示

现阶段我国职业学校校企合作大多停留在以学校为主导的合作形式上,还存在企业积极性不高等问题。发达国家职业教育从法律保障、政府重视、政策倾斜等多方面推动校企合作的先进经验,为我国职业教育开展校企合作提供了借鉴。