Images as representations: visual sources on education and childhood in the past

The challenge of using images for the history of education and childhood will be addressed in this article by looking at them as representations. Central is the relationship between representations and reality. The focus is on the power of paintings as representations of aspects of realities. First the meaning of representation for images as sources for the history of education and childhood – mirrors of realities, complex symbol systems or representations – is explained. A distinction is made between images of real people and images of patterns of human behaviour and the value of the phenomenon of historical sensation as a methodological instrument for insight in that relationship is dealt with. Second, a specific genre of paintings from the seventeenth century, namely portraits of dead children, will be described and analysed to make clear that their value for the history of education and childhood can be studied adequately only by using those images as representations and by interpreting them within the cultural rules and regulations of time and place. This analysis results in the conclusion that images should be considered in their function as representations of aspects of educational and childhood reality.     

‘Twilight or Middlemarch?’ A Teacher’s Refusal to Choose

What should children and young adolescents read? Recent changes in the English curriculum have once again shifted the focus towards more canonical texts, but does featuring such texts on the course necessarily equate to rigorous teaching and in-depth learning? Through a self-examination of her own reading history, the author argues for a dialogic approach to reading and text selection instead, so that students may negotiate better understandings of themselves and their own socio-cultural contexts.     

“博罗队事件”探析

惠州、广州等地沦陷后,东南亚惠侨发起了东江华侨回乡服务团。1939年5月,根据各方报告,国民党断定服务团已为中共占据并实施中共之活动,因而对服务团的态度由初期的赞扬转变为监视、设法取缔。1940年1月,国民党广东军队取得第一次粤北大捷,加之日益浓厚的反共氛围,国民党广东军政当局制造了"博罗队事件",以此作为解散服务团的前奏。事件发生后,成员逐步流入中共领导的东江纵队,成为华南抗战的重要力量。     

新媒体环境下从众心理对消费者行为的影响研究

基于新媒体环境下的从众心理,构建影响消费者行为的因素模型,通过网络搜集和问卷调查等方式获取消费者行为数据,分析挖掘从众心理对消费者行为的影响方式及路径。利用AMOS软件对所建模型进行统计分析,计算模型中各研究变量对消费者从众行为的影响机制,提出相应的策略与对策。     

超越表达：论科学理论知识的先验特征与先验证成

一般来说,在科学哲学之中,对科学理论的考察都围绕着理论表达的方式、机制及其恰当性而进行,而且无论是科学理论的陈述观还是模型观都会将表达与同构关系密切地联系起来。这些考察的哲学背景都与关于科学理论的知识论、然后是科学中的形而上学问题有关——尤其是对于知识论而言,是否可能、如何论证科学知识的真理性、客观性、合理性与普适性以及如何证成如此的科学理论知识都是非常重要的问题,而且这些问题和表达及其恰当性有密切的关系。于是,与科学知识有关的怀疑论、工具主义挑战其实都来自于对基础的科学理论表达机制、被表达项的认定等产生的怀疑与挑战。可是,基于同构性的表达机制不可能完全消除对科学理论知识的怀疑论挑战。这时,科学哲学的讨论就需要超越表达并将对科学理论知识的证成引向先验的进路。     

基于稀疏表示的人脸识别算法

近年来,人脸识别一直是计算机视觉和模式识别领域一个很热门研究课题。随着压缩感知理论的发展,稀疏表示已经成功应用于人脸识别。文章系统地综述了人脸识别的研究现状、系统,并重点介绍了基于稀疏表示的人脸识别算法及求解,最后对人脸识别算法存在的问题以及发展进行了展望。     

基于知识元的文物图像资源细粒度知识表示方法研究

【目的/意义】文物图像资源日益成为数字人文基础设施建设的重要内容,为了克服存在于图像资源内容与 形式上的“语义鸿沟”对其开发利用产生的消极影响,有必要面向文物图像资源底层视觉特征与高层语义特征的精 细化映射与细粒度知识表示进行相关研究。【方法/过程】本文在分析文物图像资源知识表示需求与表示策略的基 础上,提出了基于知识元构造的文物图像资源细粒度知识表示模型。在模型设计的基础上,以著名绘画文物《历代 帝王图卷》为例,阐述了面向文物图像资源细粒度表示需求进行知识元提取、构造与数据发布的具体流程。【结果/ 结论】实验结果表明,本文提出的基于知识元的文物图像资源细粒度知识表示方法能够在图像底层视觉特征与高 层语义特征之间建立有效的语义映射关系,并通过与外部知识库的数据关联实现与开放关联数据网络的深度融 合。【创新/局限】本文从知识元角度出发,提出了文物图像资源的细粒度知识表示方法,在未来的研究中还需对文 物图像知识元的自动提取以及基于知识元的图像资源知识发现方法进行更深入地探索。     

网络情境下高职生角色失调的问题表征和归因分析

高职生的角色心理在互联网时代具有特殊性。调查表明,网络情境下高职生主要存在三种角色失调现象：现实-网络角色间冲突、现实-网络角色不清、现实-网络角色延伸不当。主体角色薄弱、现实角色受阻是导致网络情境下高职生角色失调的主要原因。     

National Sporting Pastimes,Spectacles of Sporting Otherness and American Imaginings, 1880–1920

This discussion focuses on how the rise of America's national sporting pastimes, during the period 1880–1920, was inextricably tied to the ambitions and outpourings of American print capitalism and a concomitant congealing of a sense of modern American nationhood. In examining this thematic, we explicate the manner in which American national sporting audiences during the period 1880–1920 were variously constituted through discourses of national and ethnic sporting difference or Otherness. Hence, we examine the popular representation of turn of the century rodeo practices (as narrated through the spectacle of the western showman William Frederick ‘Buffalo Bill’ Cody's Wild West show productions), the position of early-twentieth-century American baseball in relation to other sporting cultures (graphically depicted by Albert Goodwill, or A.G., Spalding's promotional publications, specifically the 1911 America's National Game) and the national and ethnic differences discerned within the global sporting landscape more generally (explicated within the 1919 National Geographic article ‘The Geography of Games’). These performances and representations of ethnic and national sporting Otherness played an important role in re-inscribing and legitimating the (White European American) normative core of American sport culture (as manifest within and through the dominant practices of playing and/or spectating of football, baseball and basketball).     

广西博白客家采茶戏戏班调查

广西博白客家采茶戏自明末形成以来,已经有近400年的历史。古老的民间戏班传统一直延续到今天,但是在不同的历史时期其生存状态有很大差别。作者通过实地调查发现,民间戏班办班经费都是班主或者其他人自筹,基本的生存方式是通过营业性演出获得报酬,维持基本需要。采茶戏班演出剧目主要以受老年人欢迎的古装采茶戏为主,并有相对固定的戏路机制。采茶戏班在其表演的过程当中经常伴随着一系列的仪式,这些仪式对于戏班和请戏人都具有特别的意义。作者最后依据实地调查资料提出,要振兴桂南采茶戏,应从以下两个方面入手：政府应加强对采茶戏班的管理与引导;要充分抓住当前“非物质文化遗产”保护的大好时机,加大保护宣传力度。