The Last and Most Developed Naṣrid Palace in the Alhambra: The Alijares and Its Country Estate (Fourteenth Century)

The country estate (al-munya, almunia in Spanish) of the Alijares occupied grounds near the Alhambra and the Generalife, although it was higher up. It was constructed at the peak of the Na?rid dynasty's splendour, during the last stage of the reign of Mu?ammad V (r.1354–1359 / 1362–1391), after he had finished the Palace of the Lions.

The Alijares formed the last link in the chain in the stylistic development of the palaces of al-Andalus. When its founder decided on the features of the Alijares, he was in search of something that was completely innovative, as he had already undertaken work in the medinas of Granada and in the Alhambra that turned out to be a transformation of the architectural forms so far developed.

Life in the palace and the al-munya was cut short by sizeable earthquake in 1431, which coincided with a hard Castilian military campaign against the Kingdom of Granada. The consequences of the allegiance formed after the Na?rid defeat hindered the reconstruction of the Alijares, and so the royal buildings above the Royal Water Channel (Acequia Real) of the Alhambra were abandoned. Although time has erased many of the traces of the palace and its al-munya, we have extensive knowledge of its main architectural features, thanks to an analysis of all the available sources.     

当代伊斯兰原教旨主义的崛起及其对我国安全的影响

西方殖民统治造成的社会世俗化倾向、独立后统治的盲目西化政策及其专制统治，以及经济、教育和民族矛盾等因素导致当代伊斯兰原教旨主义的崛起，并表现出全球化、反西方化和极强的政治参与性等特征，其中的某些派别还采取了极端化方式。面对这一思潮对我国各穆斯林地区的影响，我国政府应采取积极的应对措施，以保证国家安全和社会主义建设的顺利进行。     

Development and validation of a questionnaire for teacher effective communication in Qur’an learning

ABSTRACT

A student’s perception of teacher effective communication influences the learning atmosphere. The measurement of perception indicates how students view the quality of learning. As few studies have explored the development of an appropriate measurement tool of students’ perception of learning to read the Qur’an, this study aims to develop such a tool. Conceptual analysis and a survey using open-ended questions resulted in dimensions and items. Six experts and three instructors evaluated the content validity. The questionnaire was then administered to 421 participants – 201 for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and 220 for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results successfully identified four dimensions that explained 64.6% of the variation. The instrument consisted of 13 items with satisfactory reliability and validity. The dimension with the highest coefficient path was ‘understanding and friendliness’ (UF), while the dimension of ‘learning media’ (LM) was the lowest. There was a significant influence of gender on the dimension of UF, as well as verbal (V) and non-verbal (NV) communication, while there were no differences in the dimension of LM. The questionnaire can be effectively used as a measurement device of dimensions related to students’ perception of teacher effective communication in Qur’an learning.     

伊斯兰原教旨主义起源探析

对当前国际局势影响巨大的伊斯兰原教旨主义，其出现与发展决非偶然，而是有着深刻的政治，经济和历史根源，中东各国在现代化进程中的问题与挫折使伊斯兰复兴主义全面兴起，原教旨主义对本土传统化和宗教价值观的高扬在伊斯兰世界有广泛的群众基础，同时，伊斯兰源教旨主义的兴起也是伊斯兰明受到西方明冲击从而产生对立冲突的结果和中东和平进程迟滞不前的产物，大国强权政治和霸权主义扩张导致了反抗外来压迫的民族激进主义潮流。     

伊斯兰法源探微

在伊斯兰社会中，法律被认为是永恒的、神定的，人是不能修改法律的。某个行为是否合法，需要教法学家依据伊斯兰教法的有效法源进行论证。这些法源一般认为由四个部分组成，即古兰经、圣训、公议和类比。古兰经和圣训保证了沙里阿的伊斯兰教特性，而建立在古兰经基础上的公议和类比则使沙里阿具有了时代性和适应性。     

持续发展中的美学研究——2005年国内宗教美学研究概况

宗教美学研究在成为美学研究的重要板块之后,每年都取得较大的发展．2005年度国内的宗教美学研究既有对宗教美学核心问题的继续追问,又有对宗教关学新领域的开拓．     

Education in the Sudan: the privileging of an Islamic discourse

This article examines the educational discourse in the part of the Sudan administered by the Government of the Sudan. It first analyses the value system upon which the Sudanese education is based by focusing on the nature of Islamism. Such a discussion is necessary because the dominant discourse is a discourse where power and Islamic theocracy legitimise each other and spill over into the educational discourse. Given the ethnic and religious complexity in the Sudan the imposition of a fundamentalist Islamic discourse is fiercely contested. The second part of the article, therefore, discusses the educational discourse of the government and relates it to the oppositional discourses in the country. It pays particular attention to the homogenising efforts of the dominant discourse to eradicate difference as a constituting factor in the Sudanese education system. The attempts to recognise difference have not led to a fundamental negotiation of the consequences of Islamism in the official school system.     

Marriage,Kinship, and Islamic Law in Al-Andalus: Reflections on Pierre Guichard's Al-Ándalus

In his important book on society in Islamic Spain, Al-Ándalus, Pierre Guichard theorises that until the late fourth/tenth century Arabs and Berbers followed what he calls an Eastern family pattern, meaning that they married within the extended family, disinherited women, and calculated kinship through the male line. The subject population, whether they converted to Islam or not, maintained a Western pattern of marrying out, allowing women to inherit, and recognising kinship through the male and female lines. Recently published collections of rulings from Islamic courts, however, complicate the picture Guichard presents. They suggest that Islamic law, which neither favours nor discourages close kin marriage, allows women to inherit property, and recognizes bilateral kinship, was influential well before the late tenth century. Its influence challenged the Eastern kinship model Guichard documents, particularly in the area of women's property rights.     

Continuity and change: The teaching and research of Islam in South(ern) Africa

Abstract

Despite being minority religious communities in the Southern African region, Muslims have carved out for themselves a unique identity within a multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic, and a multi-religious region. As a result of the variety of Muslim education programs and institutions that the community had set up over the past few decades its representatives made an interesting contribution towards the region. In the discipline of ‘Islamic Studies’, which began as a minor subject within the field of Oriental and Missiological studies respectively at the beginning of the 1960s, underwent remarkable changes by the mid 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s when fully-fledged programs were designed and mounted at specific Southern Africa's universities. The continuities and changes that took place from the mid 1970s onwards were as a result of the growing interest in this discipline. The essay's objective is to discuss the study and research of ‘Islam’ undertaken by individuals in the Southern Africa with special focus on South Africa where there have been major developments in the Muslim educational circles for more than a half a century (circa 1960–2010); it, however, employs ‘identity’ as a significant analytical tool in scholarship and the production of knowledge about Islam within the Southern African context.     

城乡结合区域青少年宗教意识的人类学考察——以兰州市红古区回族为例

对城乡结合区域回族青少年宗教意识的考察表明,城乡结合区域青少年受观念变化与"文化圈"等方面的影响,宗教意识呈现弱化的趋势.这一方面反映了回族群众努力适应社会发展,另一方面也表明伊斯兰教的传统文化和精神受到挑战.如何保护传承优秀的伊斯兰文化成为迫切的任务.