Reflections on religious nationalism,conflict and schooling in developing democracies: India and Israel in comparative perspective

This article explores the relationship between the propagation of religious nationalist citizenship discourses in classrooms and inter‐religious conflict in the context of two developing democracies, India and Israel. The author concludes that students schooled in religious nationalist ideology in developing nations are at greater risk of accepting exclusionary citizenship discourses without adequate critical analyses of their implications due to poor nations' tendencies toward teacher‐centred and textbook‐based instruction that neglects the development of critical thinking faculties. The acceptance of these ideologies appears to be correlated with an increase in inter‐religious conflict, social destabilization and the subversion of democracy. The corruption of democratic ideals by religiously motivated citizenship discourses has however been partially offset by the power of the vote and other structures inherent in democracy.     

美国支持以色列动因新探

在当代国际关系中,美国始终对以色列提供着坚定的支持。争夺中东地区的石油资源、美国犹太人施加的巨大影响、宗教文化上的相近关系以及地缘政治上的重要价值等,普遍被认为是促使美国持久支持以色列的重要动因,但是,美国支持以色列的最为深刻最为稳定的动因,则是第二次世界大战后美国在以色列问题上赋予自我的“责任感”及其影响下的特殊利益考量,是出于美国追求战后世界领导权及其在此战略目标之下牟取多方面实际利益的需要。     

美国为何偏袒以色列

文章阐述了犹太移民在美国发展壮大的历史，分析了他们在美国社会各个领域内的影响力，道出了美国全力支持以色列的最根本原因是经济因素的结果。     

罗斯柴尔德家族对现代锡安主义运动的影响

在现代锡安主义运动和以色列国形成的过程中,欧洲的罗斯柴尔德家族扮演了重要的角色。自19世纪中后期开始,罗斯柴尔德家族就以其鲜为人知的金钱财富为后盾,通过其在西欧国家获得的特殊身份和政治影响力,从政治、经济、文化和军事等多个层面切实地影响着巴勒斯坦的现代化进程并推动了锡安主义运动向着更加积极有利的方向发展。但是,从犹太人历史发展的整体进程来看,罗斯柴尔德家族的影响并不是决定性的,起决定性作用的依然是犹太民族主义者引领的现代锡安主义运动的发展。     

教育:以色列经济腾飞的翅膀

发达而神奇的以色列国，其国土面积不及北京大，人口仅500多万，其人均国民生产总值却超过17000美元，一举跻身世界20个最发达国家之列，这是一个奇迹，产生这个奇迹的魔术师是教育与科技。     

Travelling policies and contextual considerations: on threshold criteria

Educational policy borrowing has become rather common in our globalised world. However, the literature lacks contextual criteria that may be employed by researchers and policy makers to assess the correspondence of a particular policy to the local context of a borrowing system. Based on a secondary analysis of documents and research reports, this paper describes the process of policy borrowing in the Israeli and Turkish educational systems. Discrepancies were found between the basic qualities of the borrowed policies and the contextual features and processes that characterise each educational system. The lack of congruency appears to be even deeper in centralised structures where the act of policy setting is done by top-level policy makers who are isolated from local school circumstances. Threshold criteria referring to fundamental considerations during decision making are offered and their theoretical and practical implications for centralised structures are discussed.     

以色列经济现代化模式的经验与启示

以色列建国五十多年来,创造了令世人瞩目的经济奇迹,,跻入了现代化强国之列,2000年9月以色列年人均国民收入达18100美元。它的成功依赖于其独特的经济模式。较其他国家的现代化进程而言,以色列经济现代化模式具有更多的民族特色和个性特征,具有外因突出,发展的内外环境特殊,体制特殊等鲜明特色。文中认为以色列经济的腾飞固然有许多的偶然因素发挥作用,具有一定特殊性,但其经济现代化模式又具有较大普遍意义,能够为后发展国家提供经验与启示。     

Neoliberalism,internationalisation and higher education: connections,contradictions and alternatives

ABSTRACT

We explore the role of neoliberalism within portrayals of internationalisation in higher education (HE). Through an analysis of four features of internationalisation, we suggest that they embody a complex entanglement of neoliberal categories and assumptions with other, primarily progressive humanitarian ideals. This framing of internationalisation has three affects. One, humanitarian ideals coupled with neoliberal categories normalise inequalities, turning internationalisation into a meritocratic global race, focusing on celebrating the possibility of the few who can achieve, instead of the embedded inequalities within the system, which disadvantage the many. Two, this allows neoliberal practices to be advanced through the discourse of internationalisation and its association with progressive humanitarian values. Three, this neoliberal framing does not explain the nature of internationalisation of HE in many nations; we demonstrate this by analysing internationalisation in China, Israel and Cuba. We suggest that internationalisation in HE cannot be adequately explained by analyses which rely on neoliberalism.     

Teaching to discuss controversial public issues in fragile times: Approaches of Israeli civics teacher educators

Civics teachers play a critical role in maintaining classroom environments that encourage discussions of controversial public issues. Thus, preparing new teachers to consider the role of such discussions is crucial. Building on theories of teacher knowledge development, this study explores how Israeli civics teacher-educators conceptualize discussions as part of their courses. The findings present four approaches that include: discussion as a pedagogical practice; discussion as a means for reflection; discussion as a way to bring the curriculum to life; and discussion as a vehicle that represents disciplinary content. Based on these findings, the role of discussion as an educational goal, not just a secondary means, will be argued.     

Israel's legal deposit law in global context

Nearly half a century after it first came into effect, Israel's legal deposit law has been amended to make its provisions in accordance with and appropriate for the digital age. Other considerations guiding legislators were the necessity to adjust the law in response to laws (particularly Basic Laws) passed since the original deposit law was enacted. This paper traces the legislative history of the law through primary documents and compares it to similar laws passed in other countries over the past decade. It concludes that while the deposit of electronic materials was the primary justification for the new legislation, the legislators failed to craft the language of the new Books Act to reflect this goal. While some elements of the new law are a vast improvement over the older legislation, the Books Act is not suitable for meeting the challenges of preservation and documentation of cultural heritage in electronic formats.