International patent disputes: Evidence from oppositions at the European Patent Office

The impact of the geographical origin of patents on the probability of an opposition being filed and a patent being revoked has been examined in this paper, after accounting for patent value indicators and industry specificities. The study is based on a dataset of approximately 450,000 EPO granted patents and 24,000 patent opposition cases in the years 2000–2008. We find that patents with a first priority in the US are less likely to be challenged, although they are relatively more likely to be revoked than patents with a priority in a member country of the European Patent Convention. Patents from Japan have less probability of being opposed and are less likely to be revoked than the other countries. A disaggregation of the European countries has revealed that patents with a German priority have a higher or similar likelihood of being opposed than patents from the other countries, with the exceptions of The Netherlands and Denmark.     

正则图同构判定的一个充要条件

给出了正则图同构判定的一个新充要条件,该条件对近似正则图同构判定也是有效的。     

The value of U.S. patents by owner and patent characteristics

This paper uses renewal data to estimate the value of U.S. patents, controlling for patent and owner characteristics. Estimates of U.S. patent value are substantially larger than estimates for European patents, however, the ratio of U.S. patent value to R&D for firms is only about 3%. Contrary to a common assertion, patents issued to small patentees are much less valuable than those issued to large corporations. Litigated patents are more valuable, as are highly cited patents. However, patent citations explain little variance in value, suggesting limits to their use as a measure of patent quality.     

现代单片机中大容量闪存的应用

本文对K9F2808的特性进行了简单的介绍,重点对K9F2808的时序进行了分析,同时利用单片机实现了大容量闪存的块擦除、页编程、读状态等操作,最后给出了相应的实用程序。     

从超光速和3°K背景看牛爱时空观的统一

到目前为止,现代天文学观测到的超光速现象和3°K幅射背景,都被人们误认为是相对论无法解释的疑难问题。试图解释这些疑难的各种理论,都是以牛顿与爱因斯坦时空观的矛盾和对立为前提的。本文运用笔者本人在1984—1987年完成的与爱因斯坦相对论等效的牛顿修正定律,加上唯物辩证的分析,第一次把隐含在相对论之中与亚光速运动和相对惯性系相对称的、长期被人们忽视的另一半——超光速运动和绝对惯性系发掘出来了,并进一步提出了反粒子“负”质能的新解释,与牛顿万有引力定律相对称的万有斥力定律,以及河外红移、宇宙“膨胀”的新机制。     

维生素K3合成工艺研究

采用新的氧化体系－过氧乙酸氧化2－甲基萘成－2－甲基－1，4－萘醌，得率为40．7％，考察了各种因素对反应的影响，得到了较佳合成条件，该法具有无环境污染，技术简单，合成时间短，辅料回收等优点。     

K~+均值在网络入侵检测中的应用研究

在K均值算法基础上,提出了改进的K均值算法(K+均值)。此方法计算每个数据对象所在区域的密度选择相互距离,最远的k个处于高密度区域的点作为初始聚类中心。将K均值算法和K+均值算法分别应用于入侵检测,试验结果表明:K+均值算法能够避免K均值算法固有的缺点,并且有比较高的检测性能。     

基于触发器次态函数K图的同步时序电路设计

本文导出了用同一个次态函数K图实现由不同类型触发器组成的同步时序电路设计方法,并研究了基于次态方程的利用JK触发器和T型触发器次态函数K图设计同步时序电路的方法。通过设计实例表明,基于触发器次态方程设计同步时序电路具有一定的优点和实用意义。     

数据挖掘在生物特征识别中的应用研究

对生物特征识别技术进行了概述，并介绍了数据挖掘的含义和主要功能，在此基础上，对数据挖掘在生物特征识别技术中的主要方法和关键问题进行了阐述，提出基于数据挖掘的生物识别设计流程。     

Tax incentives and R&D activity: Firm-level evidence from Taiwan

This paper investigates the effect of tax incentives on R&D activities in Taiwanese manufacturing firms. The propensity score matching (PSM) estimates show that recipients of R&D tax credits appear on average to have 53.80% higher R&D expenditures than that they do without receiving tax credits, while there is no significantly higher growth rate of R&D expenditure. This study further employs the panel instrumental variable (IV) and generalized method of moment (GMM) techniques to control for endogeneity of R&D tax credits and firm heterogeneity in determining R&D expenditure. The R&D tax credit is witnessed to exhibit a significantly positive influence on R&D expenditure and its growth, especially for electronics firms. The marginal effect is moderate, ranging from 0.094 to 0.120. Specifically, the R&D elasticity concerning tax credits tends to increase gradually along with the approaching expiration of R&D tax credits measure, lending a supportive view on its efficacy.