论交往动机对语言获得的影响

人类与动物本质的区别表现在语言方面.人类的语言是怎样获得的?语言的获得到底跟哪些因素息息相关?这些问题一直是教育和心理学界探讨的问题.本文从社会的角度出发,试探语言获得会受社会交往动机的影响.     

Student Perceptions of Chemistry Laboratory Learning Environments, Student–Teacher Interactions and Attitudes in Secondary School Gifted Education Classes in Singapore

This study investigated the chemistry laboratory classroom environment, teacher–student interactions and student attitudes towards chemistry among 497 gifted and non-gifted secondary-school students in Singapore. The data were collected using the 35-item Chemistry Laboratory Environment Inventory (CLEI), the 48-item Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and the 30-item Questionnaire on Chemistry-Related Attitudes (QOCRA). Results supported the validity and reliability of the CLEI and QTI for this sample. Stream (gifted versus non-gifted) and gender differences were found in actual and preferred chemistry laboratory classroom environments and teacher–student interactions. Some statistically significant associations of modest magnitude were found between students' attitudes towards chemistry and both the laboratory classroom environment and the interpersonal behaviour of chemistry teachers. Suggestions for improving chemistry laboratory classroom environments and the teacher–student interactions for gifted students are provided.     

员工多样性、知识共享与个体创新绩效——一个有调节的中介模型

关于员工多样性与绩效的关系,已有的研究并无定论。将研究层次限定在个体层面,以信息决策理论、社会分类理论、断层线理论等为基础,选取个体感知差异来刻画组织的多样性情况,深入研究其对个体创新绩效的具体作用机理。面向全国多家企事业单位展开调研,回收有效问卷306份,对数据进行分层回归分析的结果表明:员工多样性与个体创新绩效正相关;知识共享部分中介了这一正向关系;员工对待多样性的态度对此中介过程发挥调节作用。随着个体对多样性的态度越来越积极、正面,多样性对知识共享的促进作用越来越显著。     

Parsimonious translation models for information retrieval

In the KL divergence framework, the extended language modeling approach has a critical problem of estimating a query model, which is the probabilistic model that encodes the user’s information need. For query expansion in initial retrieval, the translation model had been proposed to involve term co-occurrence statistics. However, the translation model was difficult to apply, because the term co-occurrence statistics must be constructed in the offline time. Especially in a large collection, constructing such a large matrix of term co-occurrences statistics prohibitively increases time and space complexity. In addition, reliable retrieval performance cannot be guaranteed because the translation model may comprise noisy non-topical terms in documents. To resolve these problems, this paper investigates an effective method to construct co-occurrence statistics and eliminate noisy terms by employing a parsimonious translation model. The parsimonious translation model is a compact version of a translation model that can reduce the number of terms containing non-zero probabilities by eliminating non-topical terms in documents. Through experimentation on seven different test collections, we show that the query model estimated from the parsimonious translation model significantly outperforms not only the baseline language modeling, but also the non-parsimonious models.     

An empirical study of query expansion and cluster-based retrieval in language modeling approach

The term mismatch problem in information retrieval is a critical problem, and several techniques have been developed, such as query expansion, cluster-based retrieval and dimensionality reduction to resolve this issue. Of these techniques, this paper performs an empirical study on query expansion and cluster-based retrieval. We examine the effect of using parsimony in query expansion and the effect of clustering algorithms in cluster-based retrieval. In addition, query expansion and cluster-based retrieval are compared, and their combinations are evaluated in terms of retrieval performance by performing experimentations on seven test collections of NTCIR and TREC.     

大学新生英语课堂焦虑状况调查

运用定量研究的方法,采用Horwitz等的“外语课堂焦虑量表”,对浙江科技学院119名大学英语新生的英语课堂焦虑状况作了统计分析。结果表明,大学英语新生的英语课堂焦虑度是比较高的。女生焦虑度比男生高,但是没有显著性差异;外语焦虑和外语学习效果之间呈现显著的负相关关系;焦虑程度越高,对于外语学习的负面影响越大。据此提出了一些减轻大学生外语焦虑的方法和建议。     

Explanations of attitudes to change: Colombian mathematics teachers’ conceptions of the crucial determinants of their teaching practices of beginning algebra

This article arises from a study whose overall purpose was to investigate the relationship between Colombian mathematics teachers’ conceptions of beginning algebra and their conceptions of their own teaching practices. The teachers’ understandings of their teaching practices were explored with a view to unravelling their conceptions of change in their teaching. Focusing on the perspectives of teachers afforded opportunities that exposed the powerful role that the teachers’ conceptions of social/institutional factors of teaching played in their conceptions of their practices. The degree to which the teachers attributed these (external) factors as crucial reasons for what they do in their teaching was the basis of a categorisation of their conceptions of the crucial determinants of their teaching practices into three types. The findings are particularly relevant to our understanding of the stability of mathematics teaching approaches in the Colombian context but have likely implications for a range of international education contexts. Specific implications for the development of the research into teachers’ conceptions of mathematics and its teaching, and for teacher education programmes are presented.

手机颜色词的类型特征及语用功能

"极夜蓝"、"成功银、骑士灰"、神秘紫、"迷幻红"、等这些新出现的手机颜色词是一类值得研究但却没有引起足够关注的新词.从"四个世界"理论出发,有从物理世界、文化世界、心理世界产生的手机颜色词,它们都具有一些特殊的语用功能.     

基础阶段英语交际能力培养模式初探——浅谈"6R"互动语言教学法

互动语言教学法能够为学习者创造有意义的语境,从而有助于学习者更好地掌握词汇语法、激发他们内在的学习动力以及培养他们的自主学习能力.互动语言教学法在教学实践中可以归结为1个"W"(Warm-up)和6个"R"(Reading,Responsive work,Role playing,Reward,Report,Revision).     

知己知彼 百战不殆——谈国家安全对外语能力建设的需求

外语的重要战略地位是毋庸置疑的,甚至是克敌制胜的秘密武器。文章从简要介绍美国实施的＂关键语言＂战略入手,试图就我国跨界民族的具体情况,各省市间的经济发展水平、经济结构、历史传统、地缘安全特点等方面的差别,以及中国战略资源通道这三个方面分析我国国家安全对外语能力的需求,并针对我国的＂关键语言＂战略实施提出一些建设性意见,以引起大家对我国国家安全语言的重视。