Maximal sequence length of exact match between members from a gene family during early evolution

INTRODUCTION Gene duplication provides a main resource of new genes in genomes (Ohno, 1970; Brown, 1999). Sequences of two paralogous genes from a duplication event will become different from each other along with evolutionary processes. And the difference in sequences caused by substitution, deletion, insertion of nucleotide acid will cause maximal sequence lengths of exact match (MALE) between paralogous members from a gene family to become shorter during evolution. As for example, o…     

间苯三酚分光光度法测定小麦戊聚糖新方法及其应用

水溶性戊聚糖能满意地进行间苯三酚分光光度测定.但小麦中的戊聚糖以非水溶性为主,不同于水溶性戊聚糖,因此用测定水溶性戊聚糖的方法不适合用来测定小麦戊聚糖.本文以小麦作为实际样品,在优化其测定条件下建立起间苯三酚光度测定小麦戊聚糖的新方法.方法的线性范围为15.4～34.6mg/L,线性方程为y=-226.0 989.8x(吸光差),r=0.9915,样品添加标准木糖溶液测定的回收率为92.1%～102.6%,方法的检出限为0.03mg/L,对戊聚糖含量为4.76%的小麦样品进行6次平行测定,测得方法的精密度RSD为2.18%.方法应用与于260多个小麦实际样品的测定,在研究小麦品质及小麦育种等方面结果满意.     

企业风险厌恶视角下政府补贴对企业创新行为的影响机制研究

引入企业风险厌恶的前提,在该前提下,企业在接受了政府补贴后是否会受到研发激励取决于企业的逆向选择行为,导致政府补贴对企业创新投入的影响是不确定的,而与企业异质化的创新投入有关。理论和实证结果显示,补贴对存在异质化创新投入的企业的效应是不确定的,这种不确定的效应随企业创新投入的变化而发生改变。政府可以通过企业的研发投入规模来甄别存在逆向选择行为的企业,依据企业的研发投入规模来进行选择性补贴,从而提高政府研发补贴的效率。     

2008年世界女排大奖赛中、巴两队扣球效果的比较研究

通过对2008年世界女排大奖赛中、巴两队三场比赛录像的技术统计,采用文献资料法、比较分析法,并利用变异系数对中国女排和巴西女排的扣球效果和发挥的稳定程度进行了研究。结果表明：中国女排扣球的稳定性不及巴西队,扣远网球能力差,缺乏创造主动进攻的经验和耐心,进攻结构合理只是一种假象,实际上击球点没有实现真正的立体化。     

A Theory of Political Campaign Media Connectedness

The study of political mass communication information outlet effects has been dominated by two types of studies, those which focus on a single outlet and those which look at the comparative influence of multiple outlets. The current study seeks to advance a third study type by offering a theory of political campaign media connectedness. Three axioms are offered in this work. In addition, a series of hypotheses involving five political communication campaign information outlets (conservative political talk radio, FOX cable TV news, daily newspapers, national network TV news, debate viewing) are posited. This work emphasizes the need to understand how various information outlets function in coordination with one another to produce a potentially diverse set of direct and indirect political campaign media effects. Future lines of theoretical inquiry and empirical research are outlined.     

The Influence of Parodies on Mental Models: Exploring the Tina Fey–Sarah Palin Phenomenon

During the 2008 presidential campaign season, Tina Fey's timely impersonations of Sarah Palin on Saturday Night Live attracted overwhelming attention, both on television and online. Throughout the campaign, press buzzed about a possible “Fey Effect”: a negative impact of Fey's impersonations on Palin's favorability ratings and a subsequent decline in the GOP ticket. The current study seeks to test for this effect by measuring if Fey's impersonations of Palin rendered caricatured traits more salient in viewers' mental constructions of the candidate, namely character traits central to the Fey impersonation, including issues of intelligence, competence, experience and the Governor's rural background. Findings show that exposure to both the interview and its parody cause viewers to devote more cognitive attention to Palin's intelligence, competence and experience. In addition, the SNL parody is unique in its influence in rendering rural traits more salient in associations with Palin. Ultimately, this research finds that the agency of influence rests in the real Palin, allowing us to establish evidence of a “Palin Effect.”     

Deviating From the Script: A Content Analysis of Organizational Dissent as Portrayed on Primetime Television

Scholars have argued that workers portrayed on television were often comfortable voicing disagreement to their supervisors but that disagreements rarely resulted in any change to the status quo. Organizational dissent, which by definition represents a challenge to the status quo, has been linked to a number of benefits for the dissenter and the organization. The researchers of the present study examined how dissent was portrayed on primetime television. Results indicated that dissenters often approached supervisors who had the power to address the frustrating circumstance that triggered the disagreement but that dissent was instrumentally ineffective and failed to elicit emotional support from the dissent audience.     

Cultivation and the Elaboration Likelihood Model: A Test of the Learning and Construction and Availability Heuristic Models

An analysis of 19 care-provider interviews demonstrates four different orientations toward spirituality: exclusive spirituality, inclusive spirituality, conflicted spirituality, and spirituality as separate from care. Two prominent ethical dilemmas experienced by care providers are discussed. Care providers face an internal dilemma presented by competing discourses that suggest different ways to incorporate spirituality into care. Care providers also face an interactional dilemma as they seek to balance their own spiritual needs with the needs of care recipients.     

三维动画环境特效设计与实现

三维动画特效包括角色特效与环境特效,环境特效则以云、烟、雾、火与景深效果为典型。在设计之前创作者需了解特效的部分组成要素和运动特点,制作时则根据影片需求,比较各类技术的特点寻求最优方案,以期高效地实现目标。对此进行了论述。