“He was Framed!” Framing Criminal Behavior in Sports News

An experiment examined the effects of newspaper articles about an athlete involved in a crime on perceptions of athletes. News articles were varied by framing the athlete's activities in an accusatory versus defensive manner, and framing the athlete as physically versus mentally skilled. An accusatory frame resulted in more criminally culpable perceptions of the athlete. Frame did not influence perceptions of the athlete's race, and perceptions of the athlete as Black did not increase perceived culpability. Additional findings show that framing does influence more general perceptions of athletes. Discussion focuses on media framing, attitudes toward athletes, and college students' socially desirable responses concerning race.     

The Influence of Parodies on Mental Models: Exploring the Tina Fey–Sarah Palin Phenomenon

During the 2008 presidential campaign season, Tina Fey's timely impersonations of Sarah Palin on Saturday Night Live attracted overwhelming attention, both on television and online. Throughout the campaign, press buzzed about a possible “Fey Effect”: a negative impact of Fey's impersonations on Palin's favorability ratings and a subsequent decline in the GOP ticket. The current study seeks to test for this effect by measuring if Fey's impersonations of Palin rendered caricatured traits more salient in viewers' mental constructions of the candidate, namely character traits central to the Fey impersonation, including issues of intelligence, competence, experience and the Governor's rural background. Findings show that exposure to both the interview and its parody cause viewers to devote more cognitive attention to Palin's intelligence, competence and experience. In addition, the SNL parody is unique in its influence in rendering rural traits more salient in associations with Palin. Ultimately, this research finds that the agency of influence rests in the real Palin, allowing us to establish evidence of a “Palin Effect.”     

Deviating From the Script: A Content Analysis of Organizational Dissent as Portrayed on Primetime Television

Scholars have argued that workers portrayed on television were often comfortable voicing disagreement to their supervisors but that disagreements rarely resulted in any change to the status quo. Organizational dissent, which by definition represents a challenge to the status quo, has been linked to a number of benefits for the dissenter and the organization. The researchers of the present study examined how dissent was portrayed on primetime television. Results indicated that dissenters often approached supervisors who had the power to address the frustrating circumstance that triggered the disagreement but that dissent was instrumentally ineffective and failed to elicit emotional support from the dissent audience.     

三维动画环境特效设计与实现

三维动画特效包括角色特效与环境特效,环境特效则以云、烟、雾、火与景深效果为典型。在设计之前创作者需了解特效的部分组成要素和运动特点,制作时则根据影片需求,比较各类技术的特点寻求最优方案,以期高效地实现目标。对此进行了论述。     

A Preliminary Study of Racialized Brawn and Brain Framing Effects

Extant research has established that racially based brawn and brain frames are common within sports media. Framing theory suggests that these brawn and brain frames should influence audience members’ behaviors and attitudes, but little empirical evidence to support this notion exists. This study used a quasi-experimental design (Frame x Athlete Race) to understand how exposure to sports news articles that emphasize the physical or mental attributes of White and Black athletes may result in audiences’ subsequent observable behaviors or character judgments toward athletes. Results indicated that frames influenced audiences’ behaviors in a simulated environment and attitudes regarding athletes’ mental abilities, whereas athlete race influenced audiences’ attitudes of athletes’ physical abilities. These findings support sports scholars’ assertions about framing effects and underscore the potential dangers of current sports media trends.     

集合MU的某些子类间的包含关系

通过具体公式在增加或删去某些文字或子句后生成的新公式的可满足性来研究极小不可满足公式类的常见子类Dis-MU,HIT-MU,Unique-MU,MARG-MU,MAX-MU和SYM-MU之间的包含关系.     

多状态流约束通讯网络可靠度的计算

通过依次组合每个极小割的有效子割生成所有的有效组 ,利用生成树实现了多状态流约束网络可靠度的一个新算法 .     

西藏旅游业经济效应初探

西藏自治区是一个在资源、区位、产业演变等诸多方面都有鲜明特色的区域,尤其是旅游资源和旅游业更具有明显的优势和特色。经过90年代以来政府的大力扶持,旅游业已成为全区发展最快、潜力最大的特色产业和支柱产业。因此西藏的旅游资源和旅游业引起了众多学者的关注,但现有的成果大多局限于规范分析和对策研究。本文将介绍西藏旅游业的发展现状,并运用统计描述等方法分析西藏旅游业的收入效应、创汇效应、就业效应以及旅游业对其他产业的关联和带动作用。     

中药干预对运动性低血色素大鼠肝脏自由基代谢的影响

研究表明运动能力与肝脏的生理机能密切相关。运动后理气扶正中药与运动训练相结合,有助于稳定肝抗氧化酶活性,并促进抗氧化酶活性的恢复。本研究将大鼠分为安静和运动两大组。让运动组大鼠在跑台上进行递增负荷运动建立低血色素大鼠模型,安静组为对照。各组大鼠又分为喂水和喂中药两类,喂水大鼠为喂中药大鼠的对照。通过测试大鼠红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞比积以及肝脏组织的抗氧化酶的活性和自由基代谢产物含量的变化,以了解运动对血色素下降和自由基代谢的影响以及中药干预对血色素下降和自由基代谢的作用。     

Optimal complexity of deployable compressive structures

The usual use of fractals involves self-similar geometrical objects to fill a space, where the self-similar iterations may continue ad infinitum. This is the first paper to propose the use of self-similar mechanical objects that fill an alloted space, while achieving an invariance property as the self-similar iterations continue (e.g. invariant strength). Moreover, for compressive loads, this paper shows how to achieve minimal mass and invariant strength from self-similar structures. The topology optimization procedure uses self-similar iteration until minimal mass is achieved, and this problem is completely solved, with global optimal solutions given in closed form. The optimal topology remains independent of the magnitude of the load. Mass is minimized subject to yield and/or buckling constraints. Formulas are also given to optimize the complexity of the structure, and the optimal complexity turns out to be finite. That is, a continuum is never the optimal structural for a compressive load under any constraints on the physical dimension (diameter). After each additional self-similar iteration, the number of bars and strings increase, but, for a certain choice of unit topology shown, the total mass of bars and strings decreases. For certain structures, the string mass monotonically increases with iteration, while the bar mass monotonically reduces, leading to minimal total mass in a finite number of iterations, and hence a finite optimal complexity for the structure. The number of iterations required to achieve minimal mass is given explicitly in closed form by a formula relating the chosen unit geometry and the material properties. It runs out that the optimal structures produced by our theory fall in the category of structures we call tensegrity. Hence our self-similar algorithms can generate tensegrity fractals.