Método de carpeta para la evaluación de la lectura en clase: los porqué, los qué y los cómo

Además y más allá de la descripción de las características formales del método de carpeta, este artículo propone que el valor real de un buen método de carpeta es su capacidad para cambiar actitudes y actividades de estudiantes y educadores, extendiendo como guía de aprendizaje y meta-conciencia de lo que se hace el propio proceso de evaluación.     

La escritura reflexiva. Aprender a escribir y aprender acerca de lo que se escribe

Resumen

Al igual que la lectura puede llevarse a cabo de manera mecánica o de manera comprensiva, la producción y composición de un texto escrito puede realizase de una forma más o menos reflexiva. El artículo revisa los aspectos que, a nivel potencial, hacen de la escritura un instrumento particularmente poderoso para la toma de conciencia y la autorregulación intelectual y analiza el papel que algunos de los modelos actuales de la composición atribuyen al proceso de producción escrita como instrumento para el desarrollo y la construcción del propio pensamiento. Tras plantear la discusión sobre el carácter intrínseco de esta función de la escritura, el artículo concluye con una reflexión sobre el papel de la enseñanza en el aprendizaje de la escritura reflexiva y sobre la necesidad de considerar este aprendizaje en el marco general de los aprendizajes escolares.     

La evaluación de la calidad docente y de la investigación hoy

Resumen

En este artículo introductorio del monográfico sobre “Evaluación de la calidad docente y de la investigación”, se resalta la importancia de la calidad y de su evaluación en el nuevo contexto surgido tras la Declaración de Bolonia y la creación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Se hace un breve repaso por los distintos hitos que han jalonado el proceso de creación del EEES en relación a la evaluación de la calidad y se presentan los cuatro artículos que forman parte de este monográfico. En el primer artículo se presenta un interesante modelo para la evaluación de la calidad docente de los profesores universitarios. En el segundo y tercer artículo se analiza la productividad en tesis doctorales en función del tipo de beca que se disfruta y de la normativa de los estudios de doctorado. Y en el cuarto y último se analiza el Índice h como indicador fundamental para la evaluación de la investigación y se proponen algunos ajustes para un uso más fiable.     

La enseñanza de estrategias para identificar y reducir la información importante de un texto. Consecuencias para la construcción del modelo de la situación

Resumen

En el presente trabajo pretendemos estudiar la relación que existe en tre dos de los procesos más importantes implicadosen la comprensión lectora: la identificación de la información importante y la reducción (resumen) de la información. Además, intentamos ver qué consecuencias tiene la enseñanza en estos procesos en la construcción del modelo de la situación textual. Para ello, diseñamos dos programas de instrucción, uno centrado en ayudar al lector a identificar la información importante de un texto y el otro centrado en el resumen de un texto. El procedimiento consistió en “normalizar” a través de la instrucción a dos grupos de alumnos de sexto y séptimo curso en cada uno de estos componentesy comprobar la ejecución en los dos. Los resultados mostraron que la instrucción fue efectiva, de tal manera que los sujetos instruídos en identificación mejoraron la ejecución en este componente, al igualque los instruídos en reducción también mejoraron en este aspecto. Sin embargo, no encontramos diferencias despué de la instrucción en el componente no instruído. Por último, la mejora en estas estrategiasparece no afectar al modelo de la situación.     

Arab Mediterranean youth's values: The role of values and value congruence on intentions to Emigrate

This paper analyses the role of personal values, value congruence and intentions to emigrate among Middle East and North Africa (MENA) youth. We use a survey data set (N = 8.087) from Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia, collected among respondents aged 15–29. Results showed that beyond demographic characteristics, such as being male, highly educated and not having a job, personal values predicted higher chances of reporting intentions to emigrate. Logistic regression results showed that stimulation and achievement values predicted higher, and tradition values predicted lower chances of reporting intentions to emigrate. Furthermore, value congruence (i.e., having similar values as those of most of their co-nationals) was related to lower chances of reporting intentions to emigrate. These results support the notion that those who intend to emigrate differ from their co-nationals in terms of value priorities. We discuss the policy implications of our findings.     

Donkeys and Mules in Arabic Veterinary Sources from the Mamlūk Period (7th–10th/13th–16th Century)

The central place occupied by donkeys and mules in the life of the medieval Islamic world often necessitated medical care. Three veterinary treatises were chosen for the present study owing to the special attention attributed to these animals by their writers. The identity of the writers is of some interest: two of them were rulers of Yemen, whereas the third was the chief veterinarian of the Mamlūk Sul ?ān Mu[hdot]ammad Ibn Qalāwūn. In dealing with the treatment of donkeys and mules, these writings are mainly concerned with breeding, preventive medicine (including nutrition, exercise and diet), and the diagnostics and healing methods of ailments peculiar to donkeys and mules, including behavioural problems, infirmities of hooves and problems resulting from carrying heavy loads. The dedication of special sections of these treatises to donkeys and mules is an indication of their importance in the economy of Egypt and Yemen. They reflect the high professional level of veterinary medicine during the Mamlūk period.     

Strategic library and information services models for the visually impaired persons: The South African Library for the Blind perspective

The South African Library for the Blind (SALB) contributes to the quality of life of print-impaired people encouraging independence through access to information, informed decision making, and taking pleasure in the enjoyment of recreational reading. In realizing the vision, SALB implemented two strategic models; agent mini-libraries and comprehensive mini-libraries. Management and administration of the services rendered is covered in detail. The project was pioneered in one of the provinces and has been rolled out to other provinces. The paper highlights how visually impaired people experience in a tangible manner, assistive technologies, training and interaction with community members and use libraries.     

Scholarisation, apprenticeship and social differentiation. Analysis of the non-industrial craft sector in Morocco

The article approaches the question of the schooling processes in the particular environment of the Moroccan craftsmen of Fez. It shows that the weak schooling of the children is bound to the representations and to the ways of transmission of craft industry knowledge. Schooling is, indeed, the object of tensions between a school system of western inspiration and the Muslim system of transmitting patrimonial knowledge. The article shows then that schooling is integrated into craftsmen's ‘relationships with knowledge’ and ‘reasons of knowing’: because of historic development factors of the school system in Morocco, and of sociological factors of domination in the craftsmen's environment, schooling is not indeed legitimate for most craftsmen. It is not even always “possible”: in fact, social reproduction in craftsmen's environment is indeed, and because of the previous factors, based on holding positions bound to the mastery of the traditional knowledge and of the production market, rather than to the possession of school capital. On the other hand, schooling has gained strong legitimacy at a general society level, so that the craftsmen, and especially their children, are more and more the victims of social declassification.     

Restorative Practice in New Zealand Schools: Social development through relational justice

This article proposes that restorative justice practices (RJPs), as used in New Zealand schools, are better understood as an instrument of social development than a behaviour management practice. Concerns about the achievement of Māori students are relocated, from an individualised psychological and pedagogical problem to an interdisciplinary context of historical and social development. Social constructionist theory is suggested as a lens through which RJPs in schools may be seen as the intentional production of respectful social relationships, rather than as behaviour management. A restorative process has the productive capacity to restore healthy relational functioning, both for those who have been offended against and those who have offended. It is argued that the primary function of restorative justice in schools is not about resolving specific conflicts, but rather, about the production and maintenance of respectful relationship, which is the antithesis of colonised relationship. Such a position reflects accountability on a communal, rather than individualised basis, and accords with recent moves in the United Nations Development Programme to look at Human Development as building agentive capacity.     

Shi‘ism and the Early Dinars of the Fāṭimid Imam-caliph al-Mu‘izz li-dīn Allāh (341–365/952–975): An Analytic Overview

The Imam-caliph al-Mu‘izz al-Dīn Allāh undertook a series of monetary changes which were to have a monumental impact on all future Fā?imid coinage, would lead to many imitations even after the dynasty had fallen, and create an easily identifiable pattern that attracted medieval merchants and modern collectors. The fact that al-Mu‘izz's coinage went through three stages with slight variations in the wording and layout indicates that he was determined to create a new model for Fā?imid coinage which would distinguish it from the Aghlabid and ‘Abbāsid coinage that preceded and competed with it. In contrast, Sijilmasa coinage was so conservative in layout due to its role in the African trade.