美国《高等教育法》的历史演变分析

美国自1965年颁布<高等教育法>以来,历经多次重大修改,各具特色.修改总趋势为,从确立联邦政府的教育责任,到完善联邦政府的教育投资.但是,后来的发展在一定程度上也背离了资助贫困,维护高等教育机会公平的立法宗旨.     

A very English revolution: the impacts of co-residence at the University of Oxford

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the impacts of co-residence (admitting women to men’s colleges and men to women’s colleges) at the University of Oxford beginning in the 1970s. Co-residence increased the representation of women undergraduates at Oxford to near parity with men; the representation of women in academic positions rose but not as substantially as that of women undergraduates and postgraduates and today women comprise still only a third of academics in the colleges of the university; the fellowships of the former female colleges became genuinely mixed, the fellowships of the former male colleges more slowly; women are less likely to be appointed head of a former men’s college than are men to be appointed head of a former women’s college; the quality of Oxford undergraduates rose with the increased number of female undergraduates; and the quality of undergraduates in the former male colleges rose at the expense of the female colleges.     

Being ‘nice’ or being ‘normal’: girls resisting discourses of ‘coolness’

In this paper we consider discourses of friendship and belonging mobilised by girls who are not part of the dominant ‘cool’ group in one English primary school. We explore how, by investing in alternative and, at times, resistant, discourses of ‘being nice’ and ‘being normal’ these ‘non-cool’ girls were able to avoid some of the struggles for dominance and related bullying and exclusion found by us and other researchers to be a feature of ‘cool girls’ groupings. We argue that there are multiple dynamics in girls' lives in which being ‘cool’ is only sometimes a dominant concern. There are some children for whom explicitly positioning themselves outside of the ‘cool’ group is both resistant and protective, providing a counter-discourse to the dominance of ‘coolness’. In this paper, which is based on observational and interview data in one school in the south of England, we focus on two main groupings of intermediate and lower status girls, as well as on one ‘wannabe’ ‘cool girl’. While belonging to a lower status group can bring disadvantages for the girls we studied, there were also benefits.     

Young不等式的逆式及其应用

利用数学分析和不等式理论相结合的方法证明了著名的Young不等式多元情形的逆向不等式,并以大量经典不等式的逆向不等式为例展示了其广泛而精彩的应用.     

Separated and integrated perspectives on environmental,economic, and social dimensions – an investigation of student views on sustainable development

The sustainable development (SD) concept is based on the idea that economic and social development should be linked to the environment. However, controversies about various associated issues often arise due to the differences in protagonists’ viewpoints, depending partly on whether they focus mainly on environmental, economic, or social dimensions and partly on ideological stances related (for instance) to the optimal ways of promoting economic growth and social justice. This study investigates views of 638 Swedish upper secondary students who responded to a questionnaire probing their views of SD from two perspectives. In the first, the dimensions were separately introduced, so the respondents only had to consider one dimension at a time. In the second, the dimensions were introduced in an integrated fashion, so the respondents had to consider effects related to all three dimensions. The results strongly indicate that the students’ views and priorities concerning the dimensions depend on both the perspective and the context. Implications for teaching and learning are discussed.     

英国工业革命期间的社会立法

在英国步入“福利国家”的历史进程中,各项社会立法的提出、确立、不断完善是其主要途径之一。其中,在英国工业革命期间的几项社会立法无疑处于这一社会立法轨迹中的起始阶段,有其渊源关系。其他位和作用应予以肯定。     

Maintaining teachers’ face in the context of change: results from a study of Vietnamese college lecturers’ perceptions of face

Gaining and saving face are very important in Vietnam as a mechanism of social control, including the professional behaviour of teachers. Interviews with 15 lecturers (aged 24–37) at a teacher training college in a Central Coast province of Vietnam illustrated the relationship between their concepts of face and their beliefs about good teaching. Most were still strongly influenced by traditional Confucian beliefs about the role and position of teachers, the nature of teachers’ knowledge and the relationship between teachers and students. On the other hand, some teachers also were aware of, and to a limited extent open to, more modern ideas that seemed to be related to broad social changes and reforms in approaches to teaching and learning in recent decades in Vietnam. The findings suggest that some teacher educators are uncertain about the value of traditional professional wisdom in the context of critical changes in society and in education. The research also suggests that the concepts of face and saving face are important for teachers’ sense of agency, and that Vietnamese educational authorities could increase the effectiveness of innovations in teacher education by paying attention to the influence of concepts of face on the teachers’ beliefs and behaviours.     

Challenging from the margins into the mainstream—improving renal services in a collaborative and entrepreneurial spirit

Can the development, both clinical and managerial, of practitioners involved in healthcare be enriched by connecting action learning principles and practice with research on ‘tempered radicals’? Might such connection also assist the efforts of patients and their advocates to create more holistic approaches to patient care? This paper explores these questions with reference to a UK Department of Health project to improve renal services. The prime focus is the experience of a set of set advisers who ‘held the ring’ on the project, supporting the work of the sets and attempting to make sense of the emerging learning.     

加强和创新社会管理对策探讨

社会管理是中国特色社会主义事业总体布局的重要组成部分。加强和创新社会管理,必须坚持走群众路线,以群众工作为核心;加快发展社会事业,着力保障和改善民生;切实加强基层服务管理,进一步夯实社会管理基础;积极培育壮大社会组织,不断提升服务社会的能力;创新社会服务管理,确保社会安定有序和谐;加强社会公共安全体系建设,切实提高预警防控能力;大力加强思想道德建设,合力建设共同的精神家园;进一步深化体制改革,切实增强社会管理的统筹协调能力。     

西安古都史当在5000年以上——西安作为黄帝“铸铜（鼎）地”和“都邑”新探

《史记》中的＂黄帝史观＂,在血缘、文化、＂治统＂和＂关中文明一元论＂四层含义上,把黄帝视为中华民族的唯一共同祖先,对维护中国统一和民族凝聚力曾具积极意义,但在科学上也有偏误。它关于＂黄帝铸铜鼎于荆山＂的记载,虽被镶嵌在黄帝史观背景上未可全信,但荆山作为黄帝＂铸铜地＂,却被考古所证实。《史记》在汉武帝＂为鼎而狂＂时,根据民间传说写下的这一笔,也是记录黄帝在西安荆山铸铜事件的信史。从《史记》其它记载看,作为黄帝＂铸铜地＂的西安,其实就是黄帝＂都邑＂,西安的古都城史应被提前至黄帝时期,当在5000年以上。