Teacher training for secondary education and graduates’ entrance into the teaching profession

This study focuses on the relationship between teacher education and graduates’ intended and actual entrance into teaching. Moreover, it explores how this relationship differs for two types of initial teacher training for secondary education. A hypothetical model of graduates’ entrance into the teaching profession comprising empirically grounded variables was developed. Besides teacher education related variables, other factors (e.g., motivation and labour market) were included. Data for this study were based on a sample of 370 graduates qualified for teaching in secondary education. Logistic regression analysis indicates that intention to enter teaching, preparedness for teaching, employment opportunities and type of teacher training explain 43% of the variance in actual entrance into teaching. Furthermore, path analysis was applied to test the hypothetical pattern of (inter)relationships between the variables. Results are largely consistent across the two types of teacher training showing a small, although statistically significant, contribution of teacher education above other antecedents of graduates’ intention to enter teaching.     

中小学教师组织气氛知觉与组织承诺:现状与关系

文章采用自编的"中小学教师组织气氛量表"与"中小学教师组织承诺量表",通过对433名中小学教师的问卷调查,探讨中小学教师组织气氛知觉与组织承诺的现状与关系。结果表明:(1)中小学教师组织气氛知觉较为积极,组织承诺水平较高;(2)在组织气氛与组织承诺部分分量表上,存在性别、教龄、学校地域、学校级别之间的差异;(3)中小学教师组织气氛与组织承诺之间存在相关,教师对组织气氛的知觉能部分预测其组织承诺的水平。     

期望匹配度对个体效能变量的影响实证研究

人-组织匹配的观点被用来解释个体效能变量，期望匹配度被作为衡量人-组织匹配的指标。研究以来自西安的742名企业雇员为样本，主要发现期望匹配度对工作满意度、组织承诺度和离职意向存在显著的影响。     

高校学生社团的组织承诺及其影响因素分析

作为一个社会心理学概念 ,组织承诺反映出大学生成员对高校学生社团的认同和投入程度。它极大地影响了学生社团的正常运行 ,也决定着这种学生组织的兴衰荣败 ,甚至在一定程度上影响了大学校园文化的发展。通过对经验资料的分析 ,重点探讨 :1 .当前大学生社团的组织承诺状况 ;2 .影响大学生社团组织承诺的结构性因素。最后 ,文章将对有关学生社团的管理问题提出自己的几点建议。     

How multi-levels of individual and team learning interact in a public healthcare organisation: a conceptual framework

The aim of this paper is to review the relevant literature on organisational learning and offer a preliminary conceptual framework as a basis to explore how the multi-levels of individual learning and team learning interact in a public healthcare organisation. The organisational learning literature highlights a need for further understanding of how the multi-levels of organisational learning interact and a broadly accepted theory of organisational learning has not yet emerged. Organisational learning is a multi-level concept and while there has been some multi-level research, more is required to understand the mechanisms that facilitate the flow of learning between the levels. This paper explores multi-level learning, using action learning as a basis through which we consider how individual learning and team learning interact. The preliminary conceptual framework seeks to contribute to our understanding of the interaction between the individual and team levels of learning and the processes and conditions that facilitate or hinder the flow of learning. As this framework provides a means of exploring individual learning in a team setting it has the potential to develop understanding as to how to enhance the effectiveness of learning interactions in the healthcare sector and other sectors. In turn this exploration could lead to enhanced understanding of the mechanisms involved in the flow of learning.     

A Preliminary Examination of Identity Exploration and Commitment among Polish Adolescents with and without Motor Disability: Does Disability Constitute Diversity in Identity Development?

The aim of this study was to define whether, and to what extent identity formation in late adolescence is disability specific. Ninety-eight adolescents participated in this study, including 43 students with motor disability and 55 students without disability. Identity exploration and commitment was measured by the Utrecht-Groningen Identity Development Scale which consists of subscales covering three identity domains: a school domain and a relational domain divided into two subdomains concerning relationships with peers and parents. The results showed that the amount of commitment and exploration was lesser in those with motor disability compared to those without disability; the most common identity status in participants with motor disability was diffusion, whereas those without disability were primarily achievers across the three domains. However, the findings revealed consistently non-significant interaction effects between disability/non-disability and commitment and exploration. Thus, what constitutes diversity in identity development is the amount of commitment and exploration made by adolescents with and without disability, suggesting a different pace, but not a different direction of identity change in both groups.     

追求卓越：美国高中AP课程述评——兼谈近年来美国高中教育质量的提高

目前,美国每三名高中毕业生中就有一名在高中阶段便已选修了大学水平的AP课程。AP课程自1955-1956学年设立至今已有50多年的历史。美国高中有60%已经开设AP课程。尤其是近年来,AP课程的发展迅猛,选修的学生数量显著增长(许多科目近五年来增长两三倍),成绩合格者所占比例也大幅上升,令联邦政府和全美上下大为振奋。AP课程的开设反映了美国教育重视个性与兴趣、充分发挥学生潜能的鲜明特征,凸显了美国教育"追求卓越"的基本精神和加快优秀人才培养的努力方向。     

An exploration of Outward Bound New Zealand’s organisational culture

This article examines the key factors of organisational culture (artefacts, values and beliefs, and core assumptions) that have led to the development of Outward Bound New Zealand (OBNZ) over the past 50 years. Primary data for this case study were obtained through the use of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with past and present school and executive directors. A key finding is that OBNZ, founded on the beliefs of the German educator Kurt Hahn, has reviewed its values and formalised these into the ‘fundamentals’ of greatness, compassion, responsibility and integrity. Important visible symbols of the OBNZ brand are the badge, the logo with ‘to serve, to strive and not to yield’ and the cutter. The core assumption is still focused on self-discovery and the Outward Bound motto ‘there’s more to you than you think’. Internationally, Outward Bound course length has declined to just 4 days compared with OBNZ’s average of 14 days. In contrast, OBNZ has remained true to Hahn’s original belief, the ‘fundamental’ values, core assumptions and the Standard/Classic (three-week) course. These findings have implications for the development of outdoor adventure education and business organisations’ culture and leadership.     

Gender contentedness in aspirations to become engineers or medical doctors

Medical doctor and engineer are highly esteemed STEM professions. This study investigates academic and motivational characteristics of a sample of high school students in Thailand who aspire to become medical doctors or engineers. We used logistic regression to compare maths performance, gender typicality, gender contentedness, and maths and physics self-concepts among students with aspirations for these two professions. We found that high levels of felt gender contentedness in men had positive association with aspirations for engineering irrespective of the levels of maths or physics self-concept. We found that high levels of felt gender contentedness combined with high levels of maths or physics self-concept in women had positive associations with aspirations to become a medical doctor. These findings are evidence that student views of self are associated with uneven gendered patterns in career aspirations and have implications for the potential for future participation.     

教师职业承诺研究的新进展

教师职业承诺是影响教师教学工作与学生学习成绩的重要因素。文章简要介绍了教师职业承诺研究的意义、教师职业承诺的结构、国内外教师职业承诺研究的现状。在对已有的研究进行回顾后,提出了教师职业承诺未来研究的方向。