团队凝聚力的研究述评

团队凝聚力是影响员工的工作态度、工作行为与工作绩效的一个极为重要的因素。本文概述了欧美学术界在团队凝聚力方面的研究成果,对团队凝聚力的概念含义与组成成分、影响因素和作用进行了述评,最后对我国团队凝聚力研究的未来提出了若干建议。     

客户关系与企业现金持有——来自中国转型经济的经验证据

基于中国转型经济背景,采用交易强度与交易持续时间双重维度刻画中国上市公司客户关系.结果发现,客户关系主要通过弱化企业关系承诺动机、而非预防动机进而使其减持现金,尤其在非政府控股企业中表现得更为显著.基于现金持有经济后果的实证分析显示,客户关系的存在弱化了企业现金的价值贡献,表明上述行为的合理性,揭示了客户关系的社会资本特性.     

组织承诺理论对图书馆管理的启示

近年来,组织承诺理论已成为国内外学者研究的热点。在介绍组织承诺理论的概念及其研究历程的基础上,结合我国图书馆组织承诺的特点与现状,提出了提高图书馆员组织承诺的具体构想。     

The association of school environment to student teachers' satisfaction and teaching commitment

A supportive school environment is crucial to the enhancement of student teaching experiences. This study assesses student teachers' perceptions of secondary school environments, and then relates the perceptions to their satisfaction with school experiences and teaching commitment. The results show that considerable disparities between student teachers' perceptions of actual and preferred school environments and suggest certain directions for improvement. Student teachers' perceptions about their school environments, especially in the areas of professional interest and staff freedom, were positively associated with their satisfaction. Several school environmental aspects influenced the total years they planned to teach and their intention to teach at the placement schools.     

国内观众成本理论与国际合作

本文主要讨论了国内观众成本如何影响国际合作.观众成本理论是理性主义国际关系理论的最新发展.这一理论指出,由于国际事件的公开性,使得领导人的行为越来越受到国内外政治观众的关注,因此在国际互动中存在着观众成本.而观众成本的存在能够影响国家间的互动,例如国际合作.本文回顾了观众成本的概念,探讨了国际合作常常失败的原因.进而指出,由于观众成本是代价高昂的信号,因此可以传递国家的真实意图,增强承诺的可信性以促成国家间的合作.最后,本文检视了这一研究的进步与不足.     

大学生专业承诺和职业决策困难的关系再探讨

目前有关大学生专业承诺和职业决策困难关系的研究还存在不一致之处。本研究使用大学生专业承诺量表和大学生职业决策困难量表开展调查,以典型相关分析探讨两组变量的关系和作用方向,研究发现专业承诺与职业决策困难存在一对显著的典型变量（ρ=0.510, χ2=168.675, df=16, p＜0.01）,情感承诺、理想承诺和规范承诺与职业信息探索、职业目标确立和职业自我探索的典型相关系数较大,专业承诺对职业决策的影响大于职业决策对专业承诺的影响。研究认为大学生专业承诺对职业决策困难存在影响,藉此可以多加强学生学业指导,进而缓解职业决策困难。     

高等学校公共体育教师工作压力与组织承诺关系研究——基于西安市高校的实证分析

运用"组织承诺"有关理论,以西安市普通高等学校公共体育课教师为研究对象,对工作压力与组织承诺之间的关系这一问题进行了研究,建立了公共体育教师的工作压力与组织承诺的关系的模型,通过实证研究发现了公共体育教师工作压力的大小会对其组织信任和对组织公平性的认识有显著正向影响。表明公共体育教师组织信任的提升、公共体育教师对组织公平性的认识的增强有利于公共体育教师组织承诺的增加。     

The relationship between mental toughness and dispositional flow

Abstract

This article tested the relationship between mental toughness (MT) and dispositional flow. A sample of 135 athletes (M age=20.81 years, SD=2.76), derived from University sports teams and local sports clubs, gave informed consent before completing questionnaires to assess MT and dispositional flow. Pearson correlations revealed a significant and positive relationship between total MT and global flow scores (r=0.65, p <0.001). Correlations between total MT and dispositional flow subscales were all found to be significant and positive, ranging from 0.26 to 0.68. Correlations between global flow and MT subscales were also all significant and positive, ranging between 0.43 and 0.65. Linear regression analyses found MT subscales to account for 45% of the variance in disposition flow, and flow subscales to account for 50% of the variance in MT. These results suggest a reciprocal relationship between MT and flow.     

Sport commitment and participation in masters swimmers: The influence of coach and teammates

Abstract

This study investigated how coach and teammates influence masters athletes' sport commitment, and the effect of functional and obligatory commitments on participation in masters swimming. The sample consisted of 523 masters swimmers (330 males and 193 females) aged between 22 and 83 years (M = 39.00, SD = 10.42). A bi-dimensional commitment scale was used to measure commitment dimensions and perceived influence from social agents. Structural equation modelling analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of social agents on functional and obligatory commitments, and the predictive capabilities of the two types of commitment towards sport participation. Support provided by coach and teammates increased functional commitment, constraints from these social agents determined higher obligatory commitment, and coach constraints negatively impacted functional commitment. In addition, both commitment types predicted training participation, with functional commitment increasing participation in team training sessions, and obligatory commitment increasing the hours of individual training. The findings suggest that in order to increase participation in masters swimming teams and reduce non-supervised training, coach and teammates should exhibit a supportive attitude and avoid over expectation.     

基于知识治理视角的国内大学知识共享研究

为探索我国大学知识共享行为处于何种水平、受何种机制影响,本研究提出了大学科研团队知识共享的概念模型,探究大学科研团队内知识共享的知识治理机制,并结合中国情境分析了知识治理如何通过主人翁精神的中介作用及学科归属感和科研网络的调节作用来影响知识共享行为。基于409份对中国大学科研团队成员知识共享问卷调查的实证研究表明:正式和非正式知识治理对知识共享均有显著影响;中国特色的主人翁精神对正式知识治理与知识共享的关系起部分中介作用,对非正式知识治理与知识共享的关系起完全中介作用;学科归属感能调节非正式知识治理和知识共享的关系,而科研网络则能调节正式知识治理与知识共享的关系。