High school student satisfaction and perceptions of the school environment

The satisfaction of high school students was studied using an adaptation of reinforcement theory. An instrument entitled Students and Their Schools was developed to assess the perceived availability and value of 35 different academic and interpersonal dimensions of the high school environment and student satisfaction with these areas. This was distributed to 411 students in two city and three suburban public high schools. Availability of resources alone is more highly related to satisfaction than their value. Small but consistent differences were found between male and female students, with suburban females reporting lower levels of availability and satisfaction but higher value ratings than other students. City students have higher levels of satisfaction, but lower levels of value, than suburban students. Most of the differences concerned academic aspects of school and interactions with administrators and faculty. If students perceive a high availability of rewarding aspects of their school environment, they report higher levels of satisfaction with school. Thus, an adaptation of reinforcement theory can be used as an empirical measure of student satisfaction with school.     

Physical education teachers’ perceptions about the effectiveness and acceptability of strategies used to increase relevance and choice for students in physical education classes

School physical education (PE) aims to develop students’ knowledge and skills for lifelong participation in physical activity (PA). Unfortunately, many PE teachers report that motivating students is a significant challenge. The purpose of this study was to explore PE teacher perceptions about the effectiveness and acceptability of three self-determination theory-based motivational strategies on students’ PA, motivation, and learning during PE lessons. Thirteen PE teachers from five schools in Western Sydney, Australia, participated in this study. We carried out semi-structured post-lesson interviews with PE teachers to gather information about the perceived effectiveness and acceptability of the three intervention strategies and whether these were sustainable teaching methods: (1) explaining relevance; (2) providing choice; and (3) complete free choice. Analysis of interview data revealed that teachers believed each strategy successfully enhanced student PA, enjoyment, motivation, and student learning. The findings also showed that our motivational teaching strategies were acceptable when embedded within certain PE contexts. Overall, the results have implications for future pre-service and in-service PE teaching practice.     

Isolation and characteristics of Arthrobacter sp. strain CW-1 for biodegradation of PAEs

Isolation of new bacterial strains and recognition of their metabolic activities are highly desirable for sustainability of natural ecosystems. Biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) under anoxic conditions has been shown to occur as a series of sequential steps using strain CW-1 isolated from digested sludge of Sibao Wastewater Treatment Plant in Hangzhou,China. The microbial colony on LB medium was yellowish,3～5 mm in diameter,convex in the center,and embedded in mucous externally. The individual cells of strain CW-1 are irregular rods,measuring (0.6～0.7)×(0.9～1.0) μm,V-shaped,with clubbed ends,Gram positive and without any filaments. 16S rDNA (1438 bp) sequence analysis showed that the strain was related to Arthrobacter sp. CW-1 and can degrade PAEs utilizing nitrate as electron acceptor,but cannot mineralize DMP completely. The degradation pathway was recommended as: dimethyl phthalate (DMP)→monomethyl phthalate (MMP)→phthalic acid (PA). DMP biodeg-radation was a first order reaction with degradation rate constant of 0.3033 d-1 and half-life 2.25 d. The DMP conversion to PA by CW-1 could be described by using sequential kinetic model.     

韩国港湾公社(PA)的现状和发展前景

当今世界主要海港城市港口管理的总体发展趋势是通过引人港湾公社制度进行管理的模式,韩国主要港口实行的港湾公社制度及其成果,对中国港口经营也有借鉴意义。韩国自2004年从釜山开始设立港湾公社制度后先后设立了仁川、蔚山和丽水光洋等四个国家港湾公社,2001年设立了京畿道地方政府出资的平泽港湾公社。自治、分权及效率是港湾公社制度最显著的特征,只有准确评价港湾公社的经营业绩,才能判断引进港湾公社制度的成功与否。对港湾公社经营业绩产生影响的主要因素有港湾公社的组织结构、控股模式、经营管理特征、最高经营者的出身及关注点和能力、客户管理、经济形势以及政府支援等。     

政策过程与政策质量

近年来,科技政策质量越来越受到关注。本文依据科技政策的特殊性,提出政治与知识结合的ICD3PA模型描述政策过程,探讨政策过程与政策内容的互动关系,讨论了政策质量的五条标准,提出从完善政策过程入手改善政策内容、提高政策质量。     

大学生身体活动行为预测干预模型的构建：自主动机与TPB扩展模型的结合

摘要：目的：在TPB扩展模型的基础上,引入自主动机,构建SDM-PL-TPB 7因素整合模型,并检验该模型对大学生群体的适用性,为促进大学生身体活动行为提供理论依据。方法：采取心理测验法,选取普通专业大学生620人(男：n = 290人, Mage = （20.75 ± 0.19）岁 ; 女：n = 330人, Mage = （20.15 ± 0.89）岁)为研究参与者参与测试,研究所用材料为《自我决定动机量表》、《态度量表》、《主观规范量表》、《主观控制感量表》、《行为意向量表》和《体育活动等级量表-3》。研究中各变量的关系通过结构公式模型来验证,数据处理使用AMOS17.0软件包。结果：构建的模型各项拟合指标良好;自主动机作为TPB的前因变量显著预测了态度、主观规范和主观控制感;整合模型最终解释了行为意向45%的方差,解释了行为17%的方差,男女大学生亚群体之间有4条预测路径存在差异。结论：SDM-PL-TPB 7因素整合模型是适合大学生的预测干预模型;自主性动机是个体追求某种行为的内部动力,计划能使行为意向更好的转化为身体活动行为;自主性动机对意向的预测、主观控制感对行为的预测及计划对行为的预测,女生强于男生,而意向对行为的预测,男生强于女生。结论和建议：构建的模型丰富了有关促进身体活动行为的心理学理论,并为干预大学生的身体活动行为提供了理论依据。建议干预时考虑个体差异实施干预措施。     

An intercultural test of the generality of interpretations of nonverbal cues

This study examines Mehrabian's claim concerning the cross-cultural generality of implicit metaphors that underlie a set of coding rules for the interpretation of nonverbal behaviors. Responses of Japanese and American school teachers were used to discover whether observers from two different cultures interpret nonverbal behaviors during interpersonal communication according to the three-dimensional metaphorical scheme proposed by Mehrabian and to assess the degree of intercultural consensus about dimensions and interpretations. Factor analysis, factor structure comparisons, and multiple discriminant analysis yielded evidence of significant differences between groups both in the dimensions used and in the interpretations of nonverbal cues along those dimensions.