日美同盟对中国亚太地区安全环境的威胁

二战以后,为对抗远东地区的共产主义力量,1951年日美确立了军事同盟关系,在这一军事同盟关系的保护伞下,日本国力得到了的迅速发展,形成了对中国亚太地区的安全的潜在威胁。这一军事同盟关系并没有随着冷战的结束而消亡,日美两国为了遏制中国力量的崛起,反而加强了在亚太地区的这一同盟关系,从而威胁当今中国亚太地区的安全环境。     

Foreign aid and inclusive education in the Pacific island nation of Kiribati: a question of ownership

ABSTRACT

This study examines the influence of foreign aid and local ownership in the introduction of inclusive education in Kiribati. The data reported in this paper were collected through interviews with key local stakeholders and these data are part of a larger study. Data were analysed under the major theme of ownership, and were grouped into the four sub-themes of: local responses to inclusive education initiatives; support for inclusive education principles; local attitudes regarding the contribution of Australian Aid; and, sustainability with or without aid support. The results indicate that a positive commitment towards inclusive education is emerging and that Australian Aid provided essential advocacy for children with disabilities in Kiribati through direct management of initiatives by the expatriate administered Kiribati Education Facility. Inclusive education initiatives remain dependent on Australian Aid for direction and sustainability. Sustainability of inclusive education initiatives in Kiribati will depend on continued development of local ownership including community support and commitment by the Government of Kiribati, particularly budgetary support.     

How Do we Measure Implementation of Inclusive Education in the Pacific Islands? A Process for Developing and Validating Disability-Inclusive Indicators

In recent years, countries of the Pacific have been moving strongly towards enhancing inclusive educational practices within a previously segregated education system. Through the Pacific Education Development Framework (PEDF) approved by 14 Pacific Island Education Ministers in 2009, the implementation of regional policies of inclusive education is a priority. To ensure that progress is measurable, these countries have been working collaboratively with several Australian institutions to develop a set of contextually appropriate indicators for measuring disability-inclusive education. This article describes the process adopted in developing these indicators and initial findings regarding the key outcomes. The research is guided by three key principles of collaboration, a need for systemic change and ‘nothing about us without us’. The process adopts a three-stage approach which is outlined and key issues and implications discussed.     

亚太安全格局的现状、发展态势及对策

亚太安全格局的现状是美国联盟霸权模式、大国博奕模式、次区域多边合作安全模式的共存并立.随着亚太地区越来越多的国家对合作安全观的理解和信奉,未来的亚太安全格局可能会走这样一条道路,即经历大国安全模式的改善与重新构建、次区域多边合作安全机制的成熟、区域多边合作安全机制的创建的渐次发展与演进.诚然,这将是一个漫长而又艰难的过程.因此,中国政府要有正确的亚太安全战略思路并采取灵活务实的策略,在确保自身安全与国家利益的同时,对亚太合作安全机制的创建做出积极的贡献.     

Addressing barriers to implementing inclusive education in the Pacific

ABSTRACT

Countries of the Pacific region are currently undergoing significant reforms. While disability inclusive education has been identified as a regional priority by all member nations, implementing inclusive education in the countries of the region can be quite challenging as many barriers continue to hamper the progress of the countries. Unless the barriers are identified and systematically addressed, it is unlikely that the countries will be able to implement a robust and holistic inclusive education strategy. In this paper, we present possible ways in which the countries of the Pacific could make significant progress in implementing a sustainable inclusive education strategy. We used a collaborative approach of co-examining potential barriers that are likely to impede the growth of countries in implementing a comprehensive inclusive education plan of action. We then identified possible strategies that are likely to result in an improved and perhaps more culturally responsive implementation of inclusive education in the Pacific. The most significant barriers identified by the members included: inadequate teacher preparation, stigma and negative attitudes towards people with disabilities, and limited engagement with the local leaders and key stakeholders. Possible strategies for addressing the barriers are outlined and discussed with possible implications for local, regional, and international researchers and policy makers.     

亚太地区的高等教育与社会发展

根据对亚太国家和地区的调查数据 ,评价了一些已被广泛认可的假设 ,同时也论述了高等教育与社会发展的关系。认为亚太地区发展中国家的高等教育应有相应的优先发展权。文章还对亚太地区高等教育的发展水平和公共政策 (其中也包括关于高等教育和私立高等教育的筹资政策 )作了评价 ,强调必须增加对高等教育的公共投资 ,反对过分依赖成本回收措施和私立高等教育。     

浅论邓小平的亚太战略思想

邓小平亚太战略思想的形成和发展，大致经历了3个阶段：20世纪五六十年代至70年代末的萌芽时期，80年代的形成时期，80年代末至90年代初的成熟时期。邓小平亚太战略思想的主要内容包括：亚太地区和平及建立严太地区政治经济新秩序的思想；亚太地区发展的思想，国家安全的思想，利用和创造和平有利的亚太地区环境的思想等等。亚太战略思想是邓小平对外区域战略思想的主要组成部分。     

Quality education and the role of the teacher in Fiji: mobilising global and local values

Abstract

This article reports on the findings of original field research carried out in the small island developing state of Fiji, in the South Pacific. A North-South research partnership was built upon previous collaboration between team members and, in so doing, pioneered the blending of Pacific and Western research approaches sensitive to a postcolonial positioning. The study interrogates practitioner perspectives on: the nature and quality of teachers and teaching in Fiji; the challenges of teachers’ work and lives; priorities for successful qualitative reform; and theoretical implications for the processes of education policy transfer and qualitative improvement. The analysis draws upon work on the politics of aid and international development, revealing tensions between existing learner-centred policy frameworks and emergent neoliberal and performativity oriented initiatives influenced by international surveys of student achievement, related league tables and the experience of the regional reference societies of Australia, New Zealand and India.     

冷战后美国亚太安全战略的调整与联盟政策

美国的联盟政策从属于安全战略 ,是其安全战略的重要组成部分。冷战后美国的安全战略经历了几个阶段性的变化 ,无论是“合作性戒备” ,还是“参与与扩展”战略 ,联盟政策都得到重点强调。这是因为联盟政策与美国安全战略所追求的根本利益密不可分 ,是其安全战略不可或缺的主要手段     

太平洋战争前期的美国对华政策——从"珍珠港事件"到开罗会议前

太平洋战争爆发后,面对共同的敌人,美国迅速同中国建立了同盟关系,并加强了对中国的援助与支持。战争初期严峻的军事形势和美国“先欧后亚”的军事战略,决定了在战争前期“打击日本”这个军事目标是美国决策者对华政策的重心。这一时期美国对华军事、经济、政治与外交上的政策与实践都体现了这一点。从某种意义上讲,太平洋战争前期的美国对华政策是成功的,取得了积极效果。