The South China Sea is not a mini-Atlantic: plate-edge rifting vs intra-plate rifting

The South China Sea, as ‘a non-volcanic passive margin basin’ in the Pacific, has often been considered as a small-scale analogue of the Atlantic. The recent ocean drilling in the northern South China Sea margin found, however, that the Iberian model of non-volcanic rifted margin from the Atlantic does not apply to the South China Sea. In this paper, we review a variety of rifted basins and propose to discriminate two types of rifting basins: plate-edge type such as the South China Sea and intra-plate type like the Atlantic. They not only differ from each other in structure, formation process, lifespan and geographic size, but also occur at different stages of the Wilson cycle. The intra-plate rifting occurred in the Mesozoic and gave rise to large oceans, whereas the plate-edge rifting took place mainly in the mid-Cenozoic, with three-quarters of the basins concentrated in the Western Pacific. As a member of the Western Pacific system of marginal seas, the South China Sea should be studied not in isolation on its origin and evolution, but in a systematic context to include also its neighboring counterparts.     

从经典民族志看功能学派内研究取向的异同——读《西太平洋的航海者》和《安达曼岛人》

马林诺夫斯基和拉德克利夫-布朗均为功能学派的创始人,他们的经典民族志《西太平洋的航海者》和《安达曼岛人》在人类学的发展史上有着不可磨灭的作用。从他们的经典民族志来看功能学派内研究取向的异同,会发现他们都运用科学的田野调查方法以整体观来分析研究对象的功能,也会发现他们在研究方法上的细微差别以及对象的不同。     

1990 年-2009 年西北太平洋热带气旋活动分析

利用上海台风研究所整编的《CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集》数据资料,建立了以每次热带气旋6h间隔中心位置为基础的西北太平洋地区1°×1°经纬度格网,统计分析了西北太平洋地区1990年-2009年热带气旋的路径变化、发生频数、频率的年际分布和季节分布等。结果表明：①西北太平洋热带气旋影响的区域大概为100°-180°E,3.5°-51°N,主要影响的国家和地区有：菲律宾群岛,中南半岛,中国东部沿海各省、海南省、台湾省,朝鲜半岛及日本三岛;②西北太平洋地区热带气旋发生次数有减少趋势,2000年-2009年年均发生次数比1990年-1999年年均少3次;③7月-10月热带气旋发生频繁,其中8月占到20年各月累计的21%;④热带气旋频数分布密集区为南海中北部以东、菲律宾吕宋岛以东,整体呈抛物线向东辐射减少;⑤热带气旋路径频率值的分布存在明显的季节性变化,突出表现为频率最高值中心位置的规律性移动。     

Identities for Sale: How the Tobacco Industry Construed Asians,Asian Americans,and Pacific Islanders

Previous research has substantiated the targeting of various demographic subgroups by the tobacco industry through marketing practices. However, relatively little research has examined targeting of Asians and Pacific Islanders. Based on prior tobacco document research citing the use of identity-based marketing strategies, a content analytic scheme was developed to assess if these strategies were applied to the Asian and AAPI populations. The study was grounded in social identity theory and optimal distinctiveness theory paradigms in order to develop a coherent analytic framework. Keyword searches of documents were conducted and a random sample of the documents of interest was drawn. These data suggest that the tobacco industry targeted Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States and abroad via interpersonal and commercial communication tactics. These strategies were carefully orchestrated and employed as a result of sophisticated analyses of the social identities and value systems of the source culture populations. Barriers to reaching this culturally and linguistically heterogeneous market were overcome via the construct of collectivism. At the same time, more Westernized Asians were targeted via advertisements that blended a hybrid Western style identity. For both source and immigrant cultures, the industry attempted to facilitate identity construction and maintenance through smoking.     

Talanoa: A contemporary qualitative methodology for sport management

In an interconnected world, and with cultural diversity ever present, there is growing recognition in sport management for the need to understand such diversity alongside the desire for more inclusive organisations and processes. Research which informs these understandings is thus fundamental. Planning and doing research in an environment where the culture is different can, however, add a level of complexity to the research. No matter the project phase - conception, design, data collection or analysis - cultural consideration must be given (Johnston, 2014). Those undertaking research in differing cultural settings often look to find a research approach which marries with the cultural context. In the Pacific region, or for those working with Pacific people, a popular choice is talanoa. Drawing on empirical work with Pacific rugby athletes, the authors outline the talanoa process – an “embodied expression of the vanua concept” (Farrelly & Nabobo Baba, 2012, p. 1). Ethical issues, challenges, and opportunities in using this approach are reflected on, and the value of talanoa to sport management research and in particular the sub-field of sport-for-development is considered. The authors argue the importance of talanoa as a culturally-appropriate contemporary qualitative research approach when working with Pasifika people or Pasifika issues. Approaches such as talanoa are valuable for challenging sport management researchers to further examine their own roles in the process of producing sport-specific knowledge; for decentring current approaches to sport management research and for shifting the discipline towards politicization; as well as contributing to broader conversations regarding decolonising indigenous research (Shaw & Hoeber, 2016; Skinner & Edwards, 2010; Skinner et al., 2014).     

太平洋副热带经圈环流的研究

太平洋副热带经圈环流是太平洋热带和副热带上层海洋进行热交换的 桥梁,其变化可以影响太平洋热带和副热带之间的热结构,从而影响全球气候。本文简要介 绍有关研究工作并提出了今后需要研究的问题。     

From explorers to evangelists: Archivists, recordkeeping, and remembering in the pacific islands

With a central focus on thecultural contexts of Pacific island societies,this essay examines the entanglement ofcolonial power relations in local recordkeepingpractices. These cultural contexts include theon-going exchange between oral and literatecultures, the aftermath of colonialdisempowerment and reassertion of indigenousrights and identities, the difficulty ofmaintaining full archival systems in isolated,resource-poor micro-states, and the drivinginfluence of development theory. The essayopens with a discussion of concepts ofexploration and evangelism in cross-culturalanalysis as metaphors for archival endeavour. It then explores the cultural exchanges betweenoral memory and written records, orality, andliteracy, as means of keeping evidence andremembering. After discussing the relation ofrecords to processes of political and economicdisempowerment, and the reclaiming of rightsand identities, it returns to the patterns ofarchival development in the Pacific region toconsider how archives can better integrate intotheir cultural and political contexts, with theaim of becoming more valued parts of theircommunities.     

东亚及西太平洋地壳上地幔P波三维速度结构

利用ISC报告中170550条P波到时资料(地震数为12500,台站数为928个,且地震和台站都分布在研究区内),对东亚及西太平洋边缘海(60°E～150°E,10°S～60°N)的深至300km的地壳上地幔三维速度结构进行了研究,分辨率达2°×2°.初步结果表明:(1)在研究区域内东西两部分的岩石圈与上地幔低速带的结构有非常明显的差异.横向上大体以108°E为界,纵向上以90km深度为界,东部与西部P波速度结构差异较大.西部是岩石圈汇聚增厚区,东部是岩石圈拉张减薄区.西部上地幔低速带不发育,东部低速带比西部厚.(2)青藏高原地壳岩石圈巨厚,上地幔低速带不明显.印度次大陆岩石圈板片以低角度下插到青藏高原之下.(3)日本海和菲律宾海地壳之下有高速体,可能是太平洋板块向东俯冲产生的.     

亚太地区留学教育服务贸易及其启示

经济全球化必然带来教育的全球化。在高等教育国际化的宏观背景下，发展留学教育服务贸易对各国具有非常重要的战略意义。亚太地区留学教育服务贸易发展很快，发达国家在亚洲国家留学生教育服务市场的占有率居高不下，我国应借鉴发达国家经验，采取更多切实可行的措施，大力发展留学教育服务贸易。     

加强教育科研 促进教育创新

联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO)一贯重视科学研究在增强国家社会经济发展潜力 ,尤其是促进教育创新及改革过程中的作用。在国际教育发展大背景下 ,教育研究的地位相应提高。教育研究注重加强与教育决策和创新实践的联系 ;注重对影响教育质量和学习成绩因素的研究 ;加强对生本课程和学生学习标准及相应的教师专业标准的探索 ;从新的广度及深度探讨信息通讯技术对教育的影响 ;教育研究日益全球化。教育科研要促进教育的全面发展 ,提高改革的成效 ,还应关注和解决诸如教师在教育科研中的作用、恰当地认识和加强研究与决策的关系、教育研究成果的推广应用、教育研究方法的改进等方面的问题。