Does social capital reduce the psychological distress and improve the wellbeing of asylum seekers? Evidence from Israel

The living difficulties of asylum seekers in receiving countries may impair their mental health. Based on the Social Capital Theory, the current study sought to identify social factors that might reduce their psychological distress and improve their wellbeing. A sample of 227 Darfuri asylum seekers in Israel aged 19–58 completed a questionnaire assessing the outcomes of psychological distress and wellbeing, and the predictors of post-migration living difficulties, number of asylum seeker and Israeli friends, perceived social support, and volunteering in community activity for asylum seekers. The findings show that whereas perceived social support was associated with reduced psychological distress and increased wellbeing (and the latter also associated with number of Israeli friends), the number of asylum seeker friends was associated with increased psychological distress and reduced wellbeing. Moreover, both factors moderated the association between living difficulties and psychological distress, that is, it was significant only at higher levels of these factors. Volunteering in community activity also moderated this association. The results suggest that having friends is not enough to improve wellbeing and may even have the opposite effect when friends share similar adversities. However, friends who are available to offer support can contribute to improved wellbeing. Similarly, volunteering in community activity may reduce the individual’s own welfare, as it exposes them to the adversities of others. Thus, while some social capital indicators are beneficial, others might have a detrimental effect. The results indicate the need to strengthen the social contacts of asylum seekers while paying attention to the potential cost.     

To vent or not to vent? The impact of venting on psychological symptoms varies by levels of social support

The current study examined the interaction between venting (as a form of emotional coping) and perceived emotional social support in predicting internalising psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms) over time in international students. A short-term longitudinal survey design was employed with three months between two measurement points. Participants were 130 international students from a university in New Zealand. The questionnaire included questions on venting, perceived emotional social support and internalising symptoms. The longitudinal impacts of venting and its interaction with emotional support on internalising symptoms were evaluated using structural equation modelling. Perceived emotional social support significantly moderated the effect of venting on internalising symptoms over time. Specifically, venting was associated with decreased internalising symptoms when students reported low levels of perceived emotional social support. However, venting was associated with increased symptoms when they reported very high levels of perceived support. In the presence of moderate to high emotional support, venting was not associated with changes in internalising symptoms over time, indicating that venting has no significant psychological consequences for international students with moderate to high perceived support. Venting can be an adaptive coping response for those with low perceived support, but it can be harmful in the presence of very high perceived support.     

Applying the technology acceptance model to a Spanish City Hall

This paper examines the relative importance and significance of the four technology enablers introduced by Davis (1989) in the technology acceptance model (TAM) (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards using and behavioural intention) for use on four different levels of citizen engagement in e-government (null, publish, interact and transact). An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) is developed to test citizen engagement towards online e-government services from a sample of 307 citizens who used the benefits advisor tool within a Spanish City Hall. Although the proposed model follows TAM and explains the intention towards the actual use of e-government by postulating four direct determinants, “A, PU, PEOU and BI” have been considered as parallel processes, meaning that each can have separate influence in different levels of citizen engagement. To achieve this goal, a multinomial logistic regression is developed and tested to confirm the explanatory power of the four technology enablers on the four different levels of e-government. Our findings further suggest that in order to implement e-government, some of the enablers matter more than others to move from one level of citizen engagement to another. The main contribution of the paper is to question the use of existing models which seek to represent the relationship between technology enablers and the adoption of e-government services without considering their impacts on citizens’ engagement. The implications of the findings are discussed and useful insights are provided in relation to policy recommendations geared to create appropriate conditions to build citizens’ engagement intent of use of e-government services.     

利用改进威胁模型的电势理论的三维飞行路径规划

用改进威胁模型规划后的电势理论划出实用的三维航迹.对有地形威胁和雷达、火力威胁的各种情况进行了分类、分析,并推出计算公式.通过限定搜索范围为包含起始点和目标点之间的矩形区域,不但减少了计算的复杂度,而且保证飞行路线收敛于目标点.用坡度限制平滑算法和用曲率限制平滑算法对上述航迹的法向加速度和曲率进行约束,得到符合飞行器机动性的飞行路线.     

企业节能减排意愿的影响因素分析——基于节能减排支持度感知角度

在深度访谈和文献研究的基础上,首先形成了32个项目的节能减排支持度感知问卷,再对江西和江苏两省300家企业进行调查,利用探索性因素分析,揭示节能减排支持度感知由4个维度（14个项目）构成,分别是：持续发展支持度、政府支持度、绩效支持度和社会环境支持度,这4个因子共解释了支持度感知总变异的81.26%。最后通过信度分析和验证性因素分析,计算得出各因子与总分的α系数在0.807～0.919之间,分半信度在0.813～0.921之间,各因子与总分的相关程度明显高于各因子间的相关程度,证实了该问卷构想效度的合理性。将企业个体特征作为节能减排支持度感知的前因变量,采用Logistic回归证实了企业节能减排支持度感知的中介效应,并通过回归诊断验证了Logistic回归模型的有效性,揭示了意愿的影响因素及具体的作用路径,说明影响企业节能减排意愿的7个个体特征因素,实际是通过4个中介变量发生作用的。这一结论有利于政府更有效地制定节能减排政策,提高企业参与的意愿。     

A two‐component growth mindset intervention for young people with SEND

Interventions to increase the endorsement of the growth mindset (the belief that intelligence can be improved with effort) have been successfully implemented in schools. However, they rarely target children and young people with special educational needs and/or disabilities (SEND), a group who are more likely to endorse a fixed mindset, experience lower academic self‐concept and academic resilience, and be at risk of negative stereotyped attitudes. This quasi‐experimental study implemented a 10‐week PSHE programme as well as dedicated lessons with adapted classroom practices, for example, task framing and feedback, to promote the growth mindset message to young people with SEND (N = 18). Analyses of pre‐ to post‐intervention measures demonstrated moderate evidence for the intervention having increased students’ endorsement of the growth mindset, as well as anecdotal evidence for increased academic self‐concept, academic resilience and positive attitudes to disability. However, these effects were not sustained in follow‐up measures conducted 7 weeks post‐intervention. The intervention did not improve students’ academic performance. Although preliminary, findings demonstrate the viability of growth mindset interventions for children and young people with SEND, but suggest that interventions should be maintained for longer‐lasting effects.     

Fairness and devotion go far: Integrating online justice and value co-creation in virtual communities

Although building long-term, successful virtual communities is important, rare studies have examined both in- and extra-role value co-creation behaviors from the perspective of social exchange theory and equity theory. Specially, we incorporate five different online justice perceptions into our model and examine the mediating role of “sense of virtual community” between these perceived online justice antecedents and both in- and extra-role online value co-creation behavior (reflected by knowledge contribution and online community citizenship behaviors, respectively). We empirically examine the model using data from 278 members of virtual communities. The results reveal that perceived online justice leads to value co-creation behavior through sense of virtual community. The findings elicit several implications for theory and practice.     

Bias in student evaluations: Are my peers out to get me?

The use of peer evaluations to evaluate performance is commonplace, especially in higher education. Yet, researchers and educators have long expressed concerns about the accuracy of such ratings. While research has found student peer evaluations to be consistent with instructor evaluations, rater bias is inherent in all evaluations, and students are not exempt from this. This study examines task completion and identity threat to determine if experience and identity play a role in shaping student peer evaluations. A sample of MBA students evaluated their peers before and after completing a course presentation. Results showed that students’ peer evaluations were significantly “lower” or more critical after having completed the presentation themselves. This study illuminates the importance of experience and training in the implementation of performance evaluations.     

创新驱动发展:感知产品创新对高新技术产品购买意图的影响研究

为探究市场中消费者对高新技术产品的购买意愿,基于计划行为理论,引入感知产品创新和消费者创新性。实证结果显示,感知产品创新通过态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制的中介作用对高新技术产品的购买意图有积极影响,且主观规范的中介作用最强;消费者创新性负向调节感知新颖性与态度间的关系,还负向调节感知风险性与态度间的关系。本文丰富了高新技术产品购买意图和感知产品创新的理论内容,为企业高新技术产品的营销实践提出建议,旨在真正实现创新驱动发展。     

学习实践社群参与对员工创新行为的影响研究——论反馈寻求倾向和组织支持感知的调节作用

基于社会学习理论,探讨学习实践社群参与对员工创新行为的影响,厘清个体层面和环境层面的双重调节效应反馈寻求倾向和组织支持感知。结果表明,学习实践社群参与对员工创新行为有显著正向影响;个体的直接反馈寻求正向调节学习实践社群参与程度和参与形式与员工创新行为的关系;个体的间接反馈寻求正向调节学习实践社群参与程度与员工创新行为的关系;组织的工具性支持正向调节学习实践社群参与程度与员工创新行为的关系。