《道路勘测设计》课程教学方法探讨

根据《道路勘测设计》课程的特点和教学过程中积累的经验,探讨了“公路与城市道路”专业实践性很强的一门专业课程《道路勘测设计》的教学方法,以及在专业课教学中特别要引起教师重视的几点问题。     

Periosteal thickening as a manifestation of trauma in infancy

This paper reports the findings in a study of the incidence of periosteal elevation in children and its possible relationship to child abuse. Two separate sets of radiographs of the skeleton of children were taken for a variety of diagnostic purposes. The suspected abuse set consisted of 59 radiographs taken for suspected child abuse. The mean age for all patients examined was 1.22 years whereas, the mean age for patients with cortical thickening was 0.5 years, suggesting that cortical thickening occurs in a relatively young population. Cortical thickening was assessed by reason for examination. A significant difference (p = .05) was detected with 6/8 (75%) of the patients with cortical thickening from the suspected child abuse groups and only 2/8 (25%) of the patients from the seizure-diagnostic category. The two infants who were noted to have periosteal elevation but were not suspected of abuse had experienced unusual circumstances, one was wearing an abduction splint and the other was a severely hypotonic premature. It is our impression that periosteal thickening is not a normal finding in infants and does not represent a consequence of normal infant care practices. In each case in which cortical thickening was detected, there was evidence to suggest that the child had experienced abnormal or rough handling. As a result of these findings, we believe that cortical thickening of the long bones detected on radiograph is an indication of child abuse.     

汉口--东方茶叶港

茶到汉口盛,汉口因茶兴。汉口是万里茶道最大的集散地。汉口港是当时中国最大的内河航运码头。汉口港从龙王庙延伸至丹水池,长达30华里,沿岸码头林立,每天停泊近千艘茶船。汉口集中了来自全国各地的商帮,汇集了来自湘、鄂、赣、皖、闽、川六省的茶叶。从1861年开始,汉口成为全球最大的茶叶输出港。西方观察家曾经说;如果不是茶叶贸易,实际上没有一个西方人会来到这个东方城市。在西方人眼中茶叶是汉口存在的唯一理由。汉水湖北段是万里茶道重要旅程。茶船沿汉水逆水行舟,从汉口至襄阳,行程700多公里,历时20余天,沿线留下了丰富的历史和人文遗迹。     

“一带一路”沿线国家留学生的跨文化适应研究

以在苏州高职院校中“一带一路”沿线国家来华留学生作为调查对象,通过问卷调查和深入访谈,从气候环境、饮食习惯、公共服务、学习适应、消费观念等社会文化适应维度,以及思乡情绪、过度关注、语言障碍、心理落差等心理适应维度,对苏州高职院校留学生的跨文化适应状况进行了调查研究;分析了苏州高职院校留学生跨文化不适应的原因及影响因素;并从建设师资培训平台、搭建文化交流平台、修订人才培养方案、跟进软硬件配套支持等角度提出了苏州高职院校留学生跨文化适应的应对策略。     

论《金光大道》的城市想象与呈现

在十七年与文革时期的“农村题材”小说中,城市的书写是非常罕见的,而作为文革时期主流文学代表作的《金光大道》中却呈现了一个具有独特景观的“城市”。这种城市景观与空间结构的想象性呈现与主流意识形态对城市改造与规训是相契合的。城市在主人公的“成长”中承担了重要的意义,“进城”成了他精神“成长”的需要。城市不仅不再是残缺的形象,反而成了农村在新历史条件下重塑自我“整体性”的“镜像”。它承担起了一种新的职责：扮演一个巫师的角色为农村“驱邪”。     

中国生态现代化的战略思考

现代环境问题绝大多数是人为问题,人为问题需要人来解决,生态现代化理论为解决环境问题提供了新思路。本文分析了地球环境的三种影响因素,估计了21世纪的世界环境压力,介绍了生态现代化的基本原理,分析了中国现代化的环境压力和国际差距,阐述了中国生态现代化的路径图和战略重点。     

道路和通讯基础设施投资对中国技术进步的影响研究

基础设施投资有利于扩大市场空间,诱发更多的研发投资,从而提高技术进步。基于2001—2015年中国286个地级市的数据,采用固定效应模型和门槛模型对基础设施投资对中国技术进步的影响进行分析,研究发现：首先,道路和通讯基础设施投资的增加有利于促进技术进步,其中通讯基础设施投资的促进作用略大。其次,分时间段来看,两类基础设施投资均在2008年之后对技术进步的促进作用均有下降；分地区来看,两类基础设施投资对西部地区技术进步的促进作用最大。最后,门槛结果显示,外商直接投资、人力资本和科学技术支出均存在双门槛效应,随着门槛值的增大,不论是道路基础设施投资还是通讯基础设施投资对技术进步的影响也不断增强。     

“一带一路”信息化格局及对策

文章基于实证数据,研究了"一带一路"信息化发展格局,分析发现"一带一路"沿线各国信息化基础设施建设存在较大"数字鸿沟",同时各国信息产业贸易发展格局极不均衡。进而提出了我国针对"一带一路"的信息化发展战略,即突破"数字鸿沟",沿"一带一路"六大经济走廊,通过输出信息化产品及服务,深化互联互通战略合作,建设数字"一带一路"。最后给出了我国制定针对"一带一路"的信息化发展战略的建议,即积极开展顶层设计、组建信息化发展共同体、推进卫星通讯及跨境光缆建设、扶持信息产业企业走出国门、推进智慧城市及世界城市建设、加强"互联网+跨境电子商务"及"互联网+跨境物流合作"等。文章以国际的视野、科学的分析助力国家的顶层战略,为"一带一路"建设提供理论依据及战略支撑。     

Tianshanbeilu and the Isotopic Millet Road: reviewing the late Neolithic/Bronze Age radiation of human millet consumption from north China to Europe

The westward expansion of human millet consumption from north China has important implications for understanding early interactions between the East and West. However, few studies have focused on the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the vast geographical area directly linking the ancient cultures of the Eurasian Steppe and the Gansu Corridor of China. In this study, we present the largest isotopic investigation of Bronze Age China (n = 110) on material from the key site of Tianshanbeilu, in eastern Xinjiang. The large range of δ¹³C values (–17.6‰ to –7.2‰; –15.5 ± 1.2‰) provides direct evidence of unique dietary diversity and consumption of significant C₄ resources (millets). The high δ¹⁵N results (10.3‰ to 16.7‰; 14.7 ± 0.8‰) likely reflect sheep/goat and wild game consumption and the arid climate of the Taklamakan Desert. Radiocarbon dates from four individuals indicate Tianshanbeilu was in use between 1940 and 1215 cal bc. The Tianshanbeilu results are then analysed with respect to 52 Bronze Age sites from across Eurasia, to investigate the spread and chronology of significant human millet consumption and human migration. This isotopic survey finds novel evidence that the second millennium bc was a dynamic period, with significant dietary interconnectivity occurring between north China, Central Asia and Siberia. Further, we argue that this ‘Isotopic Millet Road’ extended all the way to the Mediterranean and Central Europe, and conclude that these C₄ dietary signatures of millet consumption reflect early links (migration and/or resource transfer) between the Bronze Age inhabitants of modern-day China and Europe.     

“一带一路”生态旅游带发展模式与对策

"一带一路"沿线国际旅游合作始于20世纪90年代,"加强旅游合作,扩大旅游规模"成为"一带一路"战略构想的合作重点。基于"一带一路"沿线"四区三带"自然生态旅游带和"六区三带"文化生态旅游带,连点成线串起"一带一路"国际生态旅游区域网,培育以生态旅游为主导的绿色产业,既可发挥沿线国家旅游资源互补优势,促进旅游资源整体开发,又能破解"一带一路"区域"生态破碎带、经济凹陷区"的两难问题,有效保护"一带一路"生物多样性宝库和历史文化遗产,通过实施生态文明旅游模式和大旅游模式,最终实现"一带一路"国际生态旅游带"两心四带七板块"的总体目标,将生态旅游业发展成为"一带一路"国际旅游合作的战略性先导产业、我国林区生态经济和旅游业发展的新兴增长极、转型升级的战略产业。文章提出7项针对性对策建议;(1)通过顶层设计,推进建立"一带一路"国际生态旅游联盟和示范区;(2)加强交通设施和旅游服务设施互联互通,建设"一带一路"国际生态旅游网络体系;(3)建立"发改协调,林业牵头,多部委合作"的金融支撑系统;(4)共同打造"一带一路"特色国际生态旅游品牌;(5)积极扩大国际生态旅游交流与合作;(6)做好森林等自然资源保护及动态监测和评价工作;(7)加强沿线各个国家人才队伍建设和科技支撑能力,以期为"一带一路"生态旅游带建设与发展提供参考。