A multidimensional examination of the “Stereotype” concept: A developmental approach

The present studies tested the hypothesis that the stereotypical representation of a target group is composed of several components. It was further hypothesized that some of the dimensions are more closely associated with the perceiver's group than are others. Finally, it was hypothesized that the structure and the foundation of the stereotype is related to the age of the perceiver. In two studies, Israeli children, ranging in age from 4 to 17 years, assigned stereotyped traits to target groups (Israeli, Arabs, Americans, Germans). The respondents were then given the opportunity to rate the traits on several dimensions including group evaluation, salience, homogeneity, uniqueness, and ingroup consensus. Respondents of all ages could use the multiple components to describe their stereotype. The results indicate that the specific target group affected the structure of the stereotype. The stereotype of older children was more likely to represent a prototype of the target group and be based on personal experience than was the stereotype of younger children. The implications of the results for understanding the formation and fluctuation of stereotypes are discussed.     

Another Kind of Pride and Prejudice

This article has an analysis of the theme in Jane Austen’s novel,Pride and Prejudice,with reference to its irony and satire.     

社会历史美学视域下的《傲慢与偏见》

简.奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》生动地描述了当时英国中产阶级的生活状况,反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。文章以社会历史美学视角为切入点,通过对《傲慢与偏见》中的社会等级、经济地位、婚恋态度和习俗偏见的分析,进一步帮助人们认识18世纪末到19世纪初的英国社会现状。     

论《傲慢与偏见》的戏剧性特色

《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯丁的代表作 ,小说以其独特的艺术魅力吸引了一代又一代的读者。《傲慢与偏见》在布局结构、人物对话及反讽艺术几个方面体现了它的戏剧性特色     

《傲慢与偏见》的结构主义阐释

从法国叙事学家格雷马斯的结构主义符号学的观点出发,运用其叙事语法的主要理论来分析筒·奥斯丁的著名小说<傲慢与偏见>,可以展现其深层结构和意蕴,从而拓展这一经典文本的内在价值.     

The good,the bad and the advantageous: Migrants’ attitudes towards other migrants

There is a growing number of various ethnic groups in Finland. The attitudes and categorizations that host country nationals have and make regarding migrants is frequently researched. The attitudes that migrants have towards other migrants has, however, been much less researched. This paper provides an in-depth analysis that considers what factors are behind the attitudes that migrants form of other migrants and how these impact categorizations and hierarchies. The empirical research material of this study is based on 77 qualitative interviews with migrants living in Finland, carried out in 2018–2019. In the analysis, various theories of minority relations are applied.The research finds that migrants evaluate other migrants according to their perceived advantageousness and, based on these evaluations, they form hierarchies, which are to some extent ethnic. Perceived advantageousness is based on being integrated (especially in economic terms), hard-working, non-threatening, pliable, similar to Finns (or an ideal of perceived Finnishness), “white”, and not being dependent on welfare benefits. As a fear of being lumped together and then discriminated against, migrants emphasise their distinctiveness from other migrant groups in a subjugating manner. Certain characteristics tend to be ascribed to certain backgrounds and ethnicities and, thus, migrant groups become categorized according to their positions in a hierarchy. Not being advantageous is attributed to personal shortcomings and even ‘racial’ attributes. A shared commonness of the majority population is presumed and functions as the underlying assumption which guides the idea of how and what people should be like in order to fit in.     

Predictors of Finnish Adolescent’s Prejudice towards Russian Immigrants and the Effect of Intergroup Contact

This study examined perceived threat as a predictor of Finnish adolescent’s prejudice towards Russian immigrants. Moreover, since Russian immigrants represent the largest immigrant group in Eastern Finland, this study also explored the relationship between intergroup contact, threat, and prejudice. The sample consisted of 305 Finnish adolescents ranging from 11 to 19 years old. Results showed threat to be a significant predictor of prejudice towards Russian immigrants in Eastern Finland. Individually, negative stereotype was found to be the only threat that significantly predicted prejudice towards Russian immigrants. Realistic and symbolic threats were not important to the attitudes of Finnish adolescents towards Russian immigrants. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between intergroup contact, prejudice, and threat (realistic threat, symbolic threat, and negative stereotype). Implications are also discussed.     

The trouble with assimilation: Social dominance and the emergence of hostility against immigrants

In exploring the “status boundary enforcement hypothesis,” Thomsen, Green and Sidanius (2008) theorized and confirmed that Social Dominance Orientation would be more strongly correlated with a general willingness to aggress against immigrants when respondents are primed with an immigrant who is eager to assimilate into the dominant culture than when they are primed with an immigrant who prefers cultural isolation (separation). However, because assimilation differs from separation on both the home culture component and the host culture component, the actual source of this effect remains unclear. By using an assimilation versus integration contrast that differ only on the home culture component, the present study confirmed and extended Thomsen et al.’s findings. We were able to conclude that this counter intuitive effect, at odds with most research in this area, is primarily driven by people with high SDO having more negative reactions to immigrants’ willing to abandon their original cultures rather than to immigrants wanting to maintain contact with the host culture. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.     

从英汉语篇的衔接手段看Pride and Prejudice孙致礼中译本

英语重形合,汉语重意合,这一概念的本质是英语与汉语的信息组织与传递方式不同,涉及翻译过程中语言形式与意义的对应关系。通过分析《傲慢与偏见》的英汉语篇,比较源语与目的语衔接手段在翻译过程中的转换,旨在探讨形式对应的本质。