古希腊瓶画中的赛跑

赛跑是古希腊运动会历史最为悠久的项目,呈现于不同风格的瓶画之中。持火炬赛跑具有神圣的意义。古希腊运动会设置了长、短跑竞赛项目,类似于现代奥运会。男性竞技者裸体参赛,而女性竞技者则需身着服饰以遮蔽身体,这或许是古希腊男女社会地位存在差异的图像证据。古希腊运动会赛跑项目设置还强调公民体魄与军事技能间的联系,重装步兵赛跑正是对竞技者在负重状态下突破身体极限的考验。部分瓶画中竞技者的局部形象是画家按照古埃及绘画"正面律"程式所描绘。     

Racial/ethnic differences in Medicaid expenditures on psychotropic medications among maltreated children

This study quantifies racial/ethnic differences in Medicaid expenditures on psychotropic drugs among a national sample of children with suspected maltreatment. We linked 4,445 child participants in the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) – consisting of children investigated for suspected abuse and neglect – to their Medicaid claims obtained from 36 states. We used propensity score matching to construct a comparison group of children without known child welfare involvement, and estimated two-part generalized linear models to examine differences in annual psychotropic drug expenditures per child between children of different races/ethnicities. When compared to a matched sample of children, African American and Latino children incur $292 and $144 less expenditures on psychotropic drugs, respectively, than white children. Among NSCAW children alone, African American children display $614 less spending on psychotropic drugs when compared to white children. Racial/ethnic differences in expenditures on psychotropic drugs occur among all children on Medicaid, but the differences are especially pronounced among African American children in contact with the child welfare system. These findings demonstrate that policymakers will need to pay special attention to the needs of children of color as Medicaid expansions proceed nationwide.     

拉尔夫·艾里森小说《看不见的人》的种族空间政治

拉尔夫·艾里森小说《看不见的人》借由一位无名无姓的黑人讲述其生活经历,展现了社会中的普遍意识:白人、富人的优越性和高贵性以及黑人、穷人的落后性和贫贱性。白人作为社会空间结构规划者将这种白/黑二元对立借由物理空间及物件物品的对立进行体现,形成列斐伏尔所谓的二元对立种族空间表征,规训和强化种族秩序。     

Child maltreatment in rural southern counties: Another perspective on race,poverty and child welfare

Building on research that has identified community characteristics associated with child maltreatment, this study investigates the adequacy and equity of the child welfare response at the county level. The study focuses on states in the U.S. south with demographic characteristics that make it possible to disentangle county racial composition from county rurality. County-level child maltreatment data were merged with data from the U.S. Census and other publicly-available sources for the 354 counties in four southern states. Results from multiple regression models indicated that, despite a greater preponderance of risk factors typically associated with child maltreatment, rural, majority African-American counties had lower rates of reported and substantiated child maltreatment compared to other southern counties. Cross-sectional results were consistent across three years: 2012, 2013, and 2014. The findings suggest that children and families in rural, majority African-American counties in the South may not be receiving adequate or equitable responses from the formal child welfare system.     

Engaging with history after Macpherson

The Race Relations Amendment Act (2000) identifies a key role for education, and more specifically history, in promoting ‘race equality’ in Britain. In this article Ian Grosvenor and Kevin Myers consider the extent of young people's current engagement with the history of ‘diversity, change and immigration’ which underpins the commitment to ‘race equality’. Finding that in many of Britain's schools and universities a singular and exclusionary version of history continues to dominate the curriculum, they go on to consider the reasons for the neglect of multiculturalism. The authors identify the development of an aggressive national identity that depends on the past for its legitimacy and argue that this sense of the past is an important obstacle to future progress.