诚信心理学研究的理论思考

诚信问题历来被人们所重视,但从心理学角度进行诚信的研究则只有很短的历史,我国心理学界关于诚信心理的研究尤其如此。诚信心理学研究的现状呈现出诚信概念的内涵不断拓宽、诚信心理结构研究结果的多样化和研究方法的单一性等特点。诚信是一种人格特质,还是中国人的行事风格;诚信因个体的差异性及有限理性、特质与状态的争论、外显与内隐的心理过程等问题的存在,给其进一步研究带来困难。因此,未来对诚信心理的研究宜采取质性研究的思路和量化研究的多维视角进行进一步的探索和突破。     

Using a Heuristic-Systematic Model to assess the Twitter user profile’s impact on disaster tweet credibility

Journalists, emergency responders, and the general public use Twitter during disasters as an effective means to disseminate emergency information. However, there is a growing concern about the credibility of disaster tweets. This concern negatively influences Twitter users’ decisions about whether to retweet information, which can delay the dissemination of accurate—and sometimes essential—communications during a crisis. Although verifying information credibility is often a time-consuming task requiring considerable cognitive effort, researchers have yet to explore how people manage this task while using Twitter during disaster situations.To address this, we adopt the Heuristic-Systematic Model of information processing to understand how Twitter users make retweet decisions by categorizing tweet content as systematically processed information and a Twitter user’s profile as heuristically processed information. We then empirically examine tweet content and Twitter user profiles, as well as how they interact to verify the credibility of tweets collected during two disaster events: the 2011 Queensland floods, and the 2013 Colorado floods. Our empirical results suggest that using a Twitter profile as source-credibility information makes it easier for Twitter users to assess the credibility of disaster tweets. Our study also reveals that the Twitter user profile is a reliable source of credibility information and enhances our understanding of timely communication on Twitter during disasters.     

The Anonymity Effect: The Influence of Anonymity on Perceptions of Sources and Information on Health Websites

The study reported here examined the influence of anonymous sources on health websites on the perceptions and attitudes of information seekers. It was hypothesized that, despite the warnings and guidelines established by health organizations, anonymous sources would be perceived to be as credible and influential as sources that were identified. The anonymity effect, drawn from the similarity principle in attribution theory, was forwarded as a theoretical mechanism to explain responses to anonymous sources. The results indicated that anonymous sources were generally perceived by participants to be as credible and influential as identified sources, although the anonymity effect explanation was not supported. The implications of these findings for information seekers and health practitioners are considered.     

基于信息量模型的三江源东部草地退化易发性评价——以青海省果洛州为例

草地退化的预警对维护草地生态系统稳定及保障牧民财产安全意义重大。本文探索并验证了信息量模型跨领域应用于草地退化易发性评价的可行性,可为草地退化防治管控提供决策依据。以青海省三江源东部果洛藏族自治州为研究区,将像元二分模型和信息量模型耦合,并根据地形、气候、人类活动、水文、土壤5个维度,进行草地退化易发性评价。结果表明：①2008—2018年果洛藏族自治州草地退化区与草地退化易发性评价中退化高易发区分布特点一致,主要集中于玛沁县中部、玛多县南北部等地区;②处于超过4400 m的高程,高于25人/km²的人口密度,大于30°的坡度等位置的草地容易发生退化。而位于年平均降水量大于600 mm,年累计日照时数小于2400 h,依附土壤类型为灰褐土、沼泽土等地区的草地具有更好的抗逆性;③共有68.34%的退化草地分布于极易退化区和较易退化区,15.92%分布于中易发区,15.74%分布于不易退化区和低易退化区,评价模型精度较好,AUC（Area Under Curve）值达到0.764。由此可见,像元二分模型与信息量模型结合以评定草地退化易发性的方法是可靠的,该思路对其他地区草地退化易发性评价具有借鉴意义。     

She’s Hot,for a Politician: The Impact of Objectifying Commentary on Perceived Credibility of Female Candidates

The way female politicians are discussed in traditional and new media may contribute to the way individuals evaluate those candidates. Objectification theory suggests that framing individuals in a way that reduces them to their physical characteristics is detrimental to perceived agency. To that end, an experiment was designed to determine the impact of objectifying comments on the evaluation of female candidates. Researchers created two Facebook feeds discussing a hypothetical female candidate. For both feeds, the discussion focused on the candidate’s policy credentials, with one feed containing commentary on the female candidate’s body. Aspects of credibility and suitability for office were impacted by objectifying commentary, implying the need for future research directed at the specific impact objectification has on candidate evaluation.     

Advisor–Advisee Communication Two: The Influence of Verbal Aggression and Humor Assessment on Advisee Perceptions of Advisor Credibility and Affective Learning This paper was presented at the 2004 National Communication Association Convention in Chicago,Illinois.

The goal of the current study was to further the research line initiated by the authors that examined the influence of a variety of communication variables in the Graduate Advisor–Advisee interpersonal relationship. The current study examined the relationship between advisee perceptions of advisor verbal aggression and humor assessment and the impact these variables have on advisee affect and advisee perceptions of advisor credibility (competence, caring/goodwill, and trustworthiness). Findings revealed that advisor humor assessment was positively related to both advisee affect and advisee perceptions of advisor credibility. The study further found that advisor verbal aggression was negatively related to both advisee affect and advisee perceptions of advisorp credibility.     

MEDLINE数据库收录的中文医学期刊来源指标分析

对MEDLINE数据库收录的中文生物医学相关期刊的来源指标进行了分析,并与期刊所在学科的各指标的平均值作了对比。结果发现,MEDLINE收录的中文医学期刊文献量不大,平均每刊刊载约260篇,每篇论文平均有5个作者、17条参考文献,文献的引用半衰期为6.175年。MEDLINE收录的中文医学期刊并不侧重海外论文的发表,似乎能吸引更多的基金论文。     

Minority and Majority Faculty Members in a Historically Black College/University: Redefining Professors’ Teacher Credibility and Classroom Management

When African American professionals become the majority (e.g., historically Black colleges and universities—HBCUs), whether they and White professors would perceive different challenges in class is unknown. Qualitative findings revealed that White professors considered their professional image as “well-learned” and “intelligent” in the HBCU, whereas African American professors perceived their credibility as dependent on their work experience. In addition, the “call response” communication strategy and classroom tardiness were two cultural shocks encountered by White professors. However, unlike PWIs, the HBCU culture facilitated students’ use of professional titles when addressing White and African American female participants.     

走向挑战走向新生-国际图联第74届年会热点学术问题选评

介绍了在魁北克城召开的国际图联第74届大会上就开源软件与学术图书馆未来、书目数据的开放与共享、新环境新视角下的元数据、物理数字对象保存、数字资源长期保存基础结构、著作权限制与例外等方面的讨论。     

中美大学生对网上学术信息的可信性认识的调查与比较

随着国际互联网的发展与普及,网上学术信息的可信性成为大家所关注的一个问题。本文根据在我国大学生中对网上学术信息可信性认识的调查数据,结合美国有关的调查结果,进行了具体的分析和比较。