逻辑判断在司法三段论中的作用探讨

法律中的逻辑判断的表现形式就是法律推理。法律推理主要运用于司法领域,其逻辑模式是三段论法,大前提是法律规范,小前提是案件事实,结论是法律规范赋予案件事实的后果。逻辑判断在司法三段论中的意义是：体现现代法治理念;体现法律的科学性;提高司法效率。谨守逻辑形式并避免谬误可以说服别人,并给予司法判决正当性,维护法律的科学性和确定性。     

义务教育学校现代化办学标准的价值转向——兼论省级义务教育学校现代化办学标准的研制

现代化的办学标准是推进教育现代化的重要举措与保障,均衡发展是制定义务教育现代化办学标准的理论基础与核心思想。现代化办学标准的价值取向应当实现:从强调效率向追求均衡及公平的转向、从单项性办学标准向综合性办学标准的转向、从初步均衡向优质均衡的转向、从单一质量观向全面质量观的转向、从政府管学校向政府办学校的转向、从学校的被动发展向主动发展的转向。这种价值观指导下的省级现代化办学标准应当设有硬件建设、师资队伍、经费保障、办学行为、教育质量、文化建设六大领域四十五个现代化的指标体系。     

The association between perceived injunctive norms toward corporal punishment,parenting support,and risk for child physical abuse

The use of corporal punishment (CP) is a strong risk factor for many poor outcomes for children including child maltreatment. The use of CP occurs within social contexts which are important to understand. Although it is known that perceived social norms regarding CP are related to its use, the specific role that a mother’s primary support person plays in influencing attitudes toward and use of CP remains unknown. The current study assessed linkages between maternal perceived social support in parenting and perceived injunctive norms of CP from her primary source of support, with maternal attitudes toward and use of CP. Survey data were collected from female primary caregivers (N = 436) of children age 2 to 7 years (mean age = 3.7) enrolled in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) clinics in Southeastern Louisiana. Most frequently, the biological father of the child (37.9%) and the maternal grandmother of the child (24.2%) were identified as the participant’s primary source of social support in parenting. Perceived injunctive norms of this support person toward CP use were significantly and positively associated with attitudes toward, AOR = 5.97, 95% CI = [4.04, 8.82], and use of CP, AOR = 3.77, 95% CI = [2.55, 5.59]. However, perceived social support was not associated with these outcomes and also did not moderate these associations. Findings suggest that efforts to reduce maternal risk for child physical abuse and use of CP must include the mother’s primary source of social support if they are to be successful.     

If you Build it,They Won’t Come: What Motivates Employees to Create and Share Tagged Content: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Validation

The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors influencing employees’ knowledge-sharing behavior on social tagging supported systems. Using the strong theoretical background of the well-known technology acceptance model (TAM), this paper proposes and empirically validates a model that fits the social and technical nature of social tagging tools within the public sector. The analyses in this paper were based on data collected from a large survey of more than 480 respondents working for two public organizations in the United States. The findings demonstrate a significant impact of the role of social presence in encouraging employees to create and share content. Further, there is a strong relationship between the benefits employees receive from using tagging tools and their creation and sharing of tagged content. Specifically, the following factors showed a significant impact on employees’ creation and sharing behavior, specifically their attitudes towards and intentions to create and share tags: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social presence, and pro-sharing norms. For researchers, the paper offers an opportunity to further study knowledge-sharing behavior regarding social media technologies. The findings should motivate practitioners to inject these tools with a social aspect so that employees are encouraged to share content.     

社会规范、社会监督对农村人居环境整治参与意愿与行为的影响——基于广义连续比模型的实证分析

农户参与农村人居环境整治的意愿与行为是农村环境改善最为直接的动力,也是实现农村生态宜居和生态文明制度改革细则出台的重要依据。为细致探究农户参与农村人居环境整治的意愿与行为,本文基于社会规范和社会监督的视角,利用西藏707户调查数据,运用广义连续比模型,通过对样本数据分组,综合分析了农户人居环境整治参与意愿、行为及意愿与行为一致性的影响因素。结果显示：①农户具有参与农村人居环境整治意愿的占比略超过一半（51.77%）,但参与意愿与行为一致性较差;②邻居参与积极性、保洁员监督、村庄人居环境改善能减少疾病传播等因素对农户参与意愿与行为均产生显著的积极影响;③农户的文化程度、村民监督及政府宣传有利于农户参与意愿向参与行为转化。本文的研究结论支持了农村人居环境整治中政府主导、农户参与的整治模式,对推进农村人居环境整治具有一定的政策启示,同时对政府出台农村环境管理政策亦有一定的借鉴意义。     

Subjective well-being in cultural advocacy: a politics of research between the market and the academy

This paper responds to a trend of contracting out subjective well-being econometrics to demonstrate social return on investment (SROI) for evidence-based policy-making. We discuss an evolving ecology of ‘external’ research taking place ‘between’ the academy and commercial consultancy. We then contextualise this as waves of research methodologies and consultancy for the cultural sector. The new model of ‘external between’ consultancy research for policy is not only placed between the University and the market, but also facilitates discourse between policy sectors, government, the media and the academy. Specifically, it enables seductive but selective arguments for advocacy that claim authority through academic affiliation, yet are not evaluated for robustness. To critically engage with an emergent form of what Stone calls ‘causal stories’, we replicate a publicly funded externally commissioned SROI model that argues for the value of cultural activities to well-being. We find that the author’s operationalisation of participation and well-being are crucial, yet their representation of the relationship problematic, and their estimates questionable. This case study ‘re-performs’ econometric modelling national-level survey data for the cultural sector to reveal practices that create norms of expertise for policy-making that are not rigorous. We conclude that fluid claims to authority allow experimental econometric models and measures to perform across the cultural economy as if ratified. This new model of advocacy research requires closer academic consideration given the changing research funding structures and recent attention to expertise and the contracting out of public services.     

社会资本视域下协商型社会组织的构建

“探索开展社会组织协商”的提出,使得如何构建协商型社会组织成为理论界关注的热点问题。对各地区社会组织数量与政府信息公开状况的相关性分析表明,社会组织的发育程度与协商开展密切相关;对2014年“全国性行业协会商会评估专题数据”的分析发现,社会组织社会资本发育不足是开展社会组织协商的瓶颈。应以服务绩效增强社会组织的网络覆盖,以外部制度促进社会组织内部规范的民主化,以制度创新推动社会组织公信力的提升,培育社会组织适合于协商民主的社会资本,推进协商型社会组织的建设,进而促进社会组织协商的全面开展。     

现金流量表准则中若干问题分析

《企业会计准则——现金流量表》发布实施已有三年时间,执行过程中发现在现金及现金等价物的界定、现金流量的分类、现金流量表的编制方法的具体理解和操作上存在一些问题,需加以改进和完善。     

立法语篇中权威性的体现

立法语言指规范性法律文本使用的语言。法律规范是由国家制定和认可,并由国家强制力保证实施的最高的行为准则,具有无可置疑的法律效力,因此在语言运用中必须充分显示出法律规范的权威性。以系统功能语言学派德语域理论为基础,从语篇的语言实现形式入手揭示《中华人民共和国宪法》“公民的基本权利和义务”的法律规范蕴涵的法律权威性。     

学生科学道德和学术规范教育的必要性和措施

近年来随着大学生学术不端行为的不断曝光,人们对于大学生的科学道德和学术规范教育情况也越来越关注。本文主要在了解此类问题的现状、探究问题产生的原因、论证开展科学道德和学术规范教育必要性的基础上,提出相应的措施。希望可以为解决大学生学术不端行为提供借鉴。