虚拟社区组织公民行为影响因素的实证研究

虚拟社区中组织公民行为的形成对于促进社区成员自发、自愿的参与和贡献具有重要作用,因此是促进虚拟社区成功的关键因素。基于相关文献构建虚拟社区组织公民行为影响因素的理论模型,通过调查问卷从虚拟社区使用者收集数据,并使用结构方程模型对该理论模型进行实证检验。研究结果表明,虚拟社区感觉、认知信任、情感信任、依附动机、社会支持导向和信任倾向等因子对虚拟社区组织公民行为均有显著影响。其中依附动机、社会支持导向和信任倾向等个体特征因子通过信任因素对虚拟社区感觉有间接影响。     

遗嘱继承制度与遗嘱信托制度的比较研究

遗嘱继承制度与遗嘱信托制度由来已久,具有深厚的历史渊源,两制度均以实现高效、自由、有益的财富传承为制度目标,以契合个性化遗产分配的时代需求为发展动力,并以维系家族纽带、维护社会和谐为宏观价值追求,但在遗嘱形式要求、法律行为构成要件、公开化程度等诸多方面存在着差异。通过对这两种既相近又独立的制度进行分析比较,从理论层面上梳理其历史脉络并洞察相关设计原理,可以更清晰地揭示两种制度的优劣所在,对我国遗嘱制度的发展也有一定的启示和借鉴意义。     

试论二战后日本在领土处理问题上的态度与美国托管冲绳(二)

二战后美苏矛盾不断激化,东西冷战的乌云迅速蔓延东亚的形势下,掌握对日占领主导权的美国,为使日本尽快成为"东亚防共防波堤",高唱对日"宽大的媾和",致使日本置喙媾和问题的机会陡然增加。在东西冷战迅速蔓延的形势下,安全保障问题和与之相联系的日本周边岛屿的处置问题,成了日本能否谋求与同盟国尽早实现媾和的关键。最终日本吉田茂政府接受美军继续驻扎日本本土;牺牲冲绳人民的利益,同意美国以联合国的名义托管琉球(冲绳),日本只保留"潜在主权(或‘残存主权’)"的有限恢复主权的方式实现了同西方阵营的"多数媾和"——即事实上的"片面媾和"。     

Trust schools and the politics of persuasion and the mobilisation of interest

This paper sets out the theoretical and methodological approach of a study of the politics of persuasion and the mobilisation of interest in relation to the Trust schools initiative in England. Drawing on the discourse theoretical approach of Laclau and Mouffe the paper argues that the politics of consensus associated with New Labour reconfigures the field of politics, closing down legitimate democratic space. Building on this approach and that of policy sociology the paper outlines how the researchers seeks to address the following questions – if the space for legitimate democratic debate is so severely constrained then how does a social democratic government deal with the kind of opposition that Labour faced in relation to Trust schools? How do governments persuade dissident citizens to support unpopular policies? How are citizens mobilised to support such policies? This also raises questions about how, in such a restricted political space, do those questioning or resisting such policies, engage in the politics of persuasion and the mobilisation of interests? The reconfiguration of the field of politics and what this means for the constitution of legitimate democratic debate is the object of study of the research.     

An Investigation of the Support Process: Decision,Enactment, and Outcome

This study examines factors influencing the effectiveness and relational consequences of emotional support through three phases: decision, enactment, and outcome. Participants (N = 428) completed a questionnaire asking them to identify a time they faced a traumatic event, to identify whom they turned to for support, to complete measures of trust and solidarity before and after the support episode, and to complete measures assessing the efficacy of the support exchange. Analyses revealed the type of event influenced selection of a support target, severity of event was correlated with pre-episode trust and solidarity levels, and females provided more effective support than did males. Trust and solidarity levels after the support episode were predicted, in part, by the efficacy of the support episode. Implications of the phasic model for future research on support following a traumatic event are discussed.     

A meta-analysis of the impact of trust on technology acceptance model: Investigation of moderating influence of subject and context type

The technology acceptance model (TAM) has proven to be one of the most powerful theories to explain user's technology adoption. Among many external variables incorporated into TAM, trust is considered to be an important factor that influences the user's online behavior, especially in the e-commerce context. This study conducts a meta-analysis based on the previous TAM studies in an attempt to make well-grounded statements on the role of trust. Furthermore, the paper examines those TAM studies by considering moderating effects of subject type (students or non-students) and context type (commercial or non-commercial). Results indicate a significant influence of trust on TAM constructs. Moderating effects are found for most pair-wise relationships. The findings yield implications for both researchers and service providers.     

多重因素综合的P2P网络信任评估模型研究

在交易评估机制中,信任度是根据个体交易的历史信息,由多重因素综合而成。这些因素在评估机制中均有作用和影响,但由于各个因素自身的特点,其作用和影响大小不一。本文由此提出了一种多重因素综合的 P2P网络信任评估模型,给出了新的信任评估计算方法和仿真实验。实验结果表明,该评估模型效果显著。本文提出的信任评估模型是属于对等信任模型,该模型适合P2P网络的特性。对于对等信任模型而言,其难点是如何建立起网络节点之间的信任关系,其优点是保持了P2P网络的特性。     

Academic optimism of individual teachers: Confirming a new construct

Teacher sense of academic optimism is individual teachers' beliefs that they can teach effectively, their students can learn, and parents will support them so the teacher can press hard for learning. This new construct is grounded in the social cognitive and self-efficacy theories, social capital theory, work on school culture and climate and research on learned optimism. At the school level, collective academic optimism has been related to academic performance (Hoy, Tarter, & Woolfolk Hoy, 2006b). The analyses tested and supported the validity and reliability of the construct at the individual level with elementary school teachers in a confirmatory factor analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).     

班级管理中的激励艺术

激励是指班主任在班级管理中对学生所产生的思想、学习、行动和个性等方面的变化，施以的一种鼓励性反馈信息。在班级管理中班主任要以信任为基础，以情感作保障，以榜样为示范，制定切实可行的目标，最大限度地调动和发挥学生的积极性、主动性和创造性，提高班级管理效果。     

The impact of trust and changes in trust: A national comparison of individual adoptions of information and communication technologies and related phenomenon

Trust has been shown to play an important role in the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) on an individual and firm level, but has received relatively little attention on a national level. In this paper we examine the impact of generalized trust, as measured by the World Value Survey, on the adoption of ICT products and related phenomena (e.g., such issues as Telecommuting and services such as E-Government Readiness), at a national level, while controlling for a nation's wealth. Because national trust levels having changed over time, we also examine how the rate of change in trust has impacted the adoption of ICT and ICT related phenomenon. Our findings provide strong empirical support for the argument that trust impacts national level adoption. The results are robust as we consider multiple variables and data sources. We also show that changes in trust rates are generally associated with corresponding changes in ICT adoptions.