1921年信交风潮与近代上海证券市场

1921年“信交风潮“实质上是一次严重的金融危机,由滥设交易所和信托公司所致,危害巨大,影响深远.它给近代上海证券市场的发展以沉重的打击,产业证券市场首当其冲,风潮后,股票交易跌入低谷,公债交易取而代之,成为证券市场的“主角“.     

“高考移民”现象的法学思考

“高考移民”是近年我国出现的具有广泛社会影响,引发诸多社会问题的现象,其存在说明了我国教育资源配置不足,教育大众化尚未实现。从教育平等和信赖保护原则的法学角度分析,“高考移民”的合法权益应该得到保护。     

浅谈学生管理工作中思想教育的重要性

高校学生管理工作任重道远。特别是思想教育方面问题尤为突出,为保证学生健康的成长。形成正确的人生观、价值观和世界观,学校应从多方面多角度进行学生思想工作。     

The impact of trust and changes in trust: A national comparison of individual adoptions of information and communication technologies and related phenomenon

Trust has been shown to play an important role in the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) on an individual and firm level, but has received relatively little attention on a national level. In this paper we examine the impact of generalized trust, as measured by the World Value Survey, on the adoption of ICT products and related phenomena (e.g., such issues as Telecommuting and services such as E-Government Readiness), at a national level, while controlling for a nation's wealth. Because national trust levels having changed over time, we also examine how the rate of change in trust has impacted the adoption of ICT and ICT related phenomenon. Our findings provide strong empirical support for the argument that trust impacts national level adoption. The results are robust as we consider multiple variables and data sources. We also show that changes in trust rates are generally associated with corresponding changes in ICT adoptions.     

Defining key drivers of online impulse purchasing: A perspective of both impulse shoppers and system users

With the proliferation of e-commerce, a large part of online shopping is attributed to impulse buying. Hence, there is a particular necessity to understand impulse buying in the online context. Impulse shoppers incline to feel unable to control their tendencies and behaviors from various stimuli. Specifically, online consumers are both the impulse shoppers and the system users of websites in the purchase process. Impulse shoppers concern individual traits and system users cover the attributes of online stores. Online impulse buying therefore entails two key drivers, technology use and trust belief, and the mediator of flow experience. Grounding on flow experience, technology-use features, and trust belief, this study proposes a novel research model to examine impulse buying behavior in a complete manner. Data were collected from an online survey. Data analysis considers structural equation modeling technique with formative structure. Empirical results showed that flow experience is an important factor to affect impulse buying from its original drivers. Trust belief is also critical to impulse buying as perceived usefulness is not. Implications for managers and scholars are further discussed.     

Trust or mistrust in algorithmic grading? An embedded agency perspective

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to significantly impact the educational sector. One application of AI that has increasingly been applied is algorithmic grading. It is within this context that our study takes a focus on trust. While the concept of trust continues to grow in importance among AI researchers and practitioners, an investigation of trust/mistrust in algorithmic grading across multiple levels of analysis has so far been under-researched. In this paper, we argue the need for a model that encompasses the multi-layered nature of trust/mistrust in AI. Drawing on an embedded agency perspective, a model is devised that examines top-down and bottom-up forces that can influence trust/mistrust in algorithmic grading. We illustrate how the model can be applied by drawing on the case of the International Baccalaureate (IB) program in 2020, whereby an algorithm was used to determine student grades. This paper contributes to the AI-trust literature by providing a fresh theoretical lens based on institutional theory to investigate the dynamic and multi-faceted nature of trust/mistrust in algorithmic grading—an area that has seldom been explored, both theoretically and empirically. The study raises important implications for algorithmic design and awareness. Algorithms need to be designed in a transparent, fair, and ultimately a trustworthy manner. While an algorithm typically operates like a black box, whereby the underlying mechanisms are not apparent to those impacted by it, the purpose and an understanding of how the algorithm works should be communicated upfront and in a timely manner.     

Internet voting in Estonia 2005–2019: Evidence from eleven elections

Internet voting is a highly contested topic in electoral studies. This article examines Internet voting in Estonia over 15 years and 11 nation-wide elections. It focuses on the following questions: How is Internet voting organized and used in Estonia? How have the Estonian Internet voting system and its usage evolved over time? What are the preconditions and consequences of large-scale deployment of Internet voting? The results suggest that the rapid uptake and burgeoning usage rates reflect the system's embeddedness in a highly developed digital state and society. Through continuous technological and legal innovation and development, Estonia has built an advanced Internet voting system that complies with normative standards for democratic elections and is widely trusted and used by the voters. Internet voting has not boosted turnout in a setting where voting was already easily accessible. Neither has it created digital divides: Internet voting in Estonia has diffused to the extent that socio-demographic characteristics no longer predict usage. This, combined with massive uptake, reduces incentives for political parties to politicize the novel voting mode.     

试论二战后日本在领土处理问题上的态度与美国托管冲绳(二)

二战后美苏矛盾不断激化,东西冷战的乌云迅速蔓延东亚的形势下,掌握对日占领主导权的美国,为使日本尽快成为\"东亚防共防波堤\",高唱对日\"宽大的媾和\",致使日本置喙媾和问题的机会陡然增加。在东西冷战迅速蔓延的形势下,安全保障问题和与之相联系的日本周边岛屿的处置问题,成了日本能否谋求与同盟国尽早实现媾和的关键。最终日本吉田茂政府接受美军继续驻扎日本本土;牺牲冲绳人民的利益,同意美国以联合国的名义托管琉球(冲绳),日本只保留\"潜在主权(或‘残存主权’)\"的有限恢复主权的方式实现了同西方阵营的\"多数媾和\"——即事实上的\"片面媾和\"。     

Can winning take care of everything? A longitudinal assessment of post-transgression actions on repairing trust in an athlete endorser

A celebrity athlete’s transgression damages the public’s trust in that celebrity. However, little is known about whether demonstrating an outstanding performance after the transgression mitigates the negative consequence of that transgression. It also remains unexplored whether engaging in reparation can restore consumer trust and generate forgiveness. Taking a longitudinal approach, we found that post-transgression performance slightly increased competence-based trust but had no impact on increasing integrity-based trust and forgiveness. However, post-transgression reparation efforts enhanced both integrity-based trust and forgiveness over time. Findings also suggest that performance has little impact on generating forgiveness, countering the popular notion that winning takes care of everything.