A corpus-based discourse analysis of the vision and mission statements of universities in Turkey

This article presents findings from a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of mission and vision statements of 105 state and 66 private/foundation universities in Turkey. The paper combines a corpus-based approach with critical discourse analysis to interpret the data in relation to its institutional as well as socio-political context. It argues that the mission and vision statements are marked by a need for reassuring their legitimacy and the demands of a growing tertiary market. The historical and cultural backgrounds of the development of universities in Turkey, as well as political and economic conditions, are also decisive in the shaping of mission and vision statement of universities.     

《春秋谷梁传集解》中的汉注探究

两汉是经学的昌明时代,就儒家经传的诠释而言,因五经立于学官而出现所谓今古文与师法家法之分,并在此基础上形成了汉注特有的灾异说经与注重章句训诂的解经特色。而两汉《谷梁经传》诠释,既凸显了这两大特色,又在形式与内容上具有《春秋》学特有的"日、月、时"例发微与浓重的伦理、礼法思想。     

Who are the future teachers in Turkey? Characteristics of entering student teachers

This exploratory study examines the background characteristics, socio-cultural values and pedagogical beliefs that entering student teachers bring with them into the faculties of education and explores their possible implications for teacher education in the Turkish context. The study comprised 18,226 first-year student teachers from 51 faculties of education who participated in the study by responding to a three-section questionnaire developed by the research team. Their responses indicate that students entering education faculties typically come from families of lower-middle socio-economic status living in urban areas, tend to possess more traditional than secular-rational values and have not yet formed clear pedagogical beliefs.     

汉代太学入学方式演变考察

西汉中央官学设立之初,学生分两种方式入学一种由太常直接选择,称博士弟子员;另一种由郡太守选送,叫“得受业如弟子”者。太学入学方式的重大变革开始于王莽主政时期。改革的结果一是使太学生入学人数急剧扩张,二是使官僚贵族子弟可免试进入太学。东汉继承了这一做法,导致博士弟子正员主要由官僚贵族子弟所垄断,而免试入学的放开又使名士推荐入学和“游学”成为太学生入学的主流。这一变化对东汉中央官学发生重大影响。一是太学滑出皇权控制的轨道,终于引发东汉末年的学潮和“党锢之祸”,二是“游学”风气造成太学生鱼龙混杂,导致教育质量下降。     

Shi‘ism and the Early Dinars of the Fāṭimid Imam-caliph al-Mu‘izz li-dīn Allāh (341–365/952–975): An Analytic Overview

The Imam-caliph al-Mu‘izz al-Dīn Allāh undertook a series of monetary changes which were to have a monumental impact on all future Fā?imid coinage, would lead to many imitations even after the dynasty had fallen, and create an easily identifiable pattern that attracted medieval merchants and modern collectors. The fact that al-Mu‘izz's coinage went through three stages with slight variations in the wording and layout indicates that he was determined to create a new model for Fā?imid coinage which would distinguish it from the Aghlabid and ‘Abbāsid coinage that preceded and competed with it. In contrast, Sijilmasa coinage was so conservative in layout due to its role in the African trade.     

Demand for and productivity analysis of Turkish public theater

We estimate a demand function for live theater provided by the General Directorate of State Theaters in Turkey. We show that demand is more elastic in less developed cities, that attendance is not significantly affected by various qualitative variables, and that the government's practice of offering free passes to government officials is an ineffective way of increasing paid attendance. Comedies and musicals both show significantly higher attendance. Having a Turkish author does not significantly affect attendance. Having a known author significantly increases attendance for more developed cities but not for less developed cities. Being the opening season significantly reduces attendance in less developed cities but has no effect in more developed cities. We also present evidence of inefficiency in state theaters in Turkey through a performance of plays equation in which we evaluate the determinants of the number of performances per play.     

Nobility,women and historical narratives of the crusades and the latin east

Historical narratives of the crusades and Latin settlement in the Levant, like other medieval literature, provide slim details about women. In medieval society Latin literary education was dominated by a predominantly male and ecclesiastical hierarchy, which reflected the views of a patriarchal social system and marginalised the public role of women. Crusade narratives in particular have been criticised for their negative attitude towards women, mirroring a lack of ecclesiastical enthusiasm at their involvement in the crusade movement. Histories about crusading and events in the Latin East were often written for, and in some cases by, the lay nobility who took part in crusades and settled in the holy land. These texts were sometimes used as propaganda to encourage nobles to take the cross, and much of the imagery within them had didactic elements. In the case of women, they provided models for behaviour according to social and marital status. A consistently negative portrayal of women was doubtless impossible due to the number of important noblewomen who took the cross, and their value in cementing political alliances between western Europe and the Latin East through marriage. This article contends that it is the complex links between crusade narratives and the nobility, in terms of participation and patronage, audience, subject matter and values – crusade as a “noble” pursuit – which helps to explain the discrepancy between established ecclesiastical views and the portrayal of women in historical narratives about crusading and settlement in the East. In order to establish this idea effectively, several main themes must be addressed, including the role of crusade texts within the context of contemporary noble culture, and crusade narratives as source material for noble values concerning women. To begin, however, it is necessary to provide some background on attitudes towards women and crusade, as well as the concept of nobility and the noblewoman's place in medieval society.     

Orthodox Communities in Eastern Anatolia in the Thirteenth to Fourteenth Centuries. Part 2: The Time of Troubles

Eastern Asia Minor underwent profound changes in the thirteenth to fourteenth centuries. The period in question is marked by the decline of the Greek Orthodox Church in Anatolia. Why did the Greek population, prosperous in the thirteenth century, dwindle in the next century? The answer may lie in the general development of Eastern Anatolia at that time: the wealthy provinces of the Sultanate of Rūm and the state of Ayyubids became an arena of constant struggle between powerful warlords, which led to depopulation of many cities. Neither Islamisation nor the process of Turkisation seem to have been a decisive factor of the decline of the Greek settlements in Eastern Asia Minor.     

德、英、美等国学者对马克思上层建筑理论的误解

德、英、美等国的学者未系统研究马克思的上层建筑概念,未全面把握马克思的上层建筑这个比喻性概念的丰富内涵,它包括思想、观念,政治结构、政治权力及政治行为,信用与虚拟资本等喻义。这些学者也未弄清上层建筑概念曾发生从思想观念到政治结构等的转移变化。德国学者中,柯尔希纳等对上层建筑所下的定义有失精确,哈贝马斯甚至认为在国家干预经济的资本主义时代,马克思的经济基础和上层建筑理论再不适用于社会和国家的分析。英国学者莱尔因认为存在反映论的发展与基础-上层建筑的比喻缠结在一起的难题。美国学者麦克莫策认为马克思的经济基础、上层建筑划分模糊不清,杰姆逊则认为马克思对基础和上层建筑经典式的区分随着社会的发展而变得不能令人满意。这些学者中有人根据社会的发展和社会经济、政治的新变化过程中出现的许多复杂情况来否定马克思的上层建筑理论,企图重构历史唯物主义,不仅没有建树反而混淆了问题。由于上层建筑是一比喻性概念,它引起人们的误解和争论在所难免。     

《新世说》士人形象研究

《新世说》是民国时期易宗夔模仿《世说新语》之作。作为中国最后一部文言笔记性质的志人小说,尽管其影响和艺术成就不能和《世说新语》相提并论,但《新世说》中的士人形象还是很有特色的,值得研究。将《新世说》中所涉及的士人进行整理归类,选择了士人的三种不同道路的代表人物:"学而优则仕"、身居庙堂之高的方望溪;怀才不遇、仕途坎坷,郁郁不得志的龚自珍以及身处江湖之远,佯狂混迹于尘世,不与当朝者合作的隐士"八大山人"进行分析,具有一定现实意义。