Counseling in Nigeria and the United States of America: Contrasts and Similarities

This paper compares the profession of counseling in Nigeria and the United States of America (USA). Many differences exist in the practice of counseling in these two countries, including a greater emphasis on specialization, credentialing and licensing in the USA. Issues such as lack of insurance coverage and general economic disadvantage affect the utilization of counseling services in Nigeria. Although both countries are dealing with similar societal concerns, training standards remain localized. The authors recommend that given the global nature of counseling's reach and potential impact across the world, efforts should be made to implement international credentialing standards.     

美国的特殊教育与作为学校管理者的教师

学校的管理者是一个特殊的教师群体。要成为优秀的教育管理者,教师必须接受适当的培训以遵守特殊教育领域的法律和法规。教育管理培训方案必须包括特殊管理教育方面的要求。对教育管理者自我效能感的调查结果表明,教育管理者的自我评价与实际能力之间存在差异。研究结果显示,培训方案需要改进以便更严格地培养教师成为教育管理者,最终他们才能做到“不让一个孩子掉队”。     

美国高等教育法治化的特征

美国高等教育法治化具有三大特征。第一,法系的非单一性,表现为由高等教育成文法与判例法构成的法文化共同形成对高等教育立法体系及相应法治活动的空间。第二,立法机制的分权性,体现为高等教育立法活动是以分立与制衡法理学为理论基础。第三,立法内容的实用性,这反映出实用主义法哲学对高等教育法治活动效力的深层影响。高等教育的法治化促进了美国高等教育的勃兴与创新,同时,也为我国高等教育提出借鉴性思考。即在法制化进程中注意逐步建立高等教育判例法制度,注重中央与地方高等教育立法的适度分权,增强高等教育法律的可操作性和变化性。     

美国追求基础教育公平的历史渊源

美国是一个新型移民国家,在殖民地教育基础上,开始了基础教育公平的尝试和努力推进,所有的努力和成败值得当代去探源.     

Leveraging library trust to combat misinformation on social media

One reason librarians are confident they have a role to play in fighting misinformation is the level of trust in libraries as institutions. Exactly how they might leverage that trust remains unclear and untested. Building on recent work in correcting health misperceptions on social media, this study tests whether libraries can leverage trust to combat misinformation online. Using a misperception about the influenza vaccine as a test case, an experiment (n?=?625) was conducted in fall 2018 using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Results suggest that the misperception can be reduced, but not by library institutions. An unsuccessful follow-up (n?=?600) suggests that the effectiveness of the correction is season dependent and opens the possibility that libraries may yet play a role, but not necessarily because they are trusted. Future library proposals for combating misinformation need to be developed and tested within a broader contemporary misinformation research program.     

Open data visualizations and analytics as tools for policy-making

Government agencies collect large amounts of structured and unstructured data. Although these data can be used to improve services as well as policy processes, it is not always clear how to analyze the data and how to glean insights for policy making, especially when the data includes large volumes of unstructured text data. This article reports opinions found in “We the People” petition data using topic modeling and visual analytics. It provides an assessment of the usability of the visual analytics results for policy making based on interviews with data professionals and policy makers. We found that visual analytics have potentially positive impacts on policy making practices. Experts also articulated potential barriers regarding the adoption of visual analytics tools, and made suggestions. Potential barriers included insufficient resources in government agencies and difficulty integrating analytics with current work practices. The main suggestions involved providing training and interpretation guidelines along with the visual analytics tools. Major contributions of this study include: (1) suggesting viable visualization tools for analyzing textual data for policy making, and (2) suggesting how to lower barriers to adoption by increasing usability.     

英美特殊关系与美加特殊关系之比较

国家之间联盟是国际关系中最重要的内容之一。美国作为当今最受瞩目的世界第一大强国,积极追求其"单极世界"的世界霸权,同时也积极拉拢一些其他国家来达到自己的政治目的。英国、加拿大两国分别是美国在欧洲和美洲的传统盟友,比较两大联盟的异同点可帮助我们考察美国以及西方国家在处理外交关系上的一些基本原则和因素。     

专利视角下中国C9与美国IVY联盟科技创新能力的对比研究

论文以中国C9和美国IVY联盟为研究对象,从专利申请概况、专利授权、专利有效维持、PCT、专利布局、技术热点、国际合作及专利转移转化等维度,对比分析中国C9和美国IVY联盟的科技创新能力,进而明晰专利视角下两个学术顶尖联盟的优势与差距,为提高中国高校的国际竞争力提供改进方向,加快"双一流"建设进程,为提高国家的综合实力乃至国际竞争力做出贡献。     

嬗变与走向:美国学前课程的历史转型及启示

美国学前课程在百年发展中走过了理念主义—实用主义—主情主义—主智主义的嬗变之路。在经历了三次重大的时代转型之后,当代美国学前课程走向了变革新阶段,即课程在"发展取向"与"学业取向"之间不断摇摆,并逐渐出现整合的趋势。这带给我们的启示是:学前课程改革需要以现实作为基本依据;学前课程改革需要政府支持、理论研究、实践探索三者并行;学前课程改革需要努力进行本土化探索,在继承的基础上创新。