Type-dependent differential expression of neuropeptide Y in chicken hypothalamus （Gallus domesticus）

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY between layer-type and meat-type of chickens, which are two divergent kinds of the domestic chickens in feeding behavior and body weight, we detected mRNA levels of NPY in hypothalamic infundibular nucleus (IN), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of these two types of chickens using one-step real time RT-PCR. The meat-type chicken had more food daily (about 1.7 folds) and greater body weights (about 1.5 folds) and brain weights than the layer-type chicken at the age of 14 d. In the meat-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels of the IN and PVN were significantly greater than those of the LHA, and were not significantly different between the IN and PVN. However, in the layer-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels were significantly greater in the IN than those in the LHA and PVN, and were not significantly different between the PVN and LHA. In all these hypothalamic regions, the layer-type of chicken had significantly higher NPY mRNA levels than the meat-type chicken did. These results suggest the expression of NPY in the hypothalamus has a type-dependent pattern in domestic chickens.     

从“关系史”到“方法论”——两本法国比较文学名著比较

文章以法国比较文学学者基亚的《比较文学》和谢弗雷的《当代比较文学方法与视野》为研究文本,从两者的目录编排入手,比较了两本书的构架、层次、对比较文学的不同定义、对总体文学的不同理解、对翻译研究的不同角度,从中追溯比较文学这门年轻而开放的学科在几十年间的发展历程,因而阐述了对比较文学的新认识.     

人工入化与自然天成——江西派诗学与严羽诗学比较研究之四

严羽对气象浑厚的推崇,几乎贯穿整部《沧浪诗话》,并多次指斥江西诗派乏浑厚气象.江西诗派很强调法度,从语词的锤炼到句法的安排,都要精研细究,致不少作品有雕琢之痕.但在主观意识上、在理论追求中,江西诗派和严羽有着相同的归趣,即气象浑厚;只是在臻至这一目标的道路选择上,他们表现出不同的取向：江西诗派倡导由人工而入化,严羽崇尚任自然而天成.     

Situational and personal influence on attitude change following ethnic contact

The study undertook to examine the validity in Israel of several conclusions reached by investigators in the United States on the effect of intergroup contact on change in ethnic attitudes, as well as to extend contact research to topics which heretofore have received only scant attention. There were 100 subjects: 12-year-old Israeli girls of different ethnic background, participating in a summer camp. Results indicated that (1) as a result of contact, a positive change in attitude of the high status towards the low-status group occurred with regard to people and activities both related and not related to the contact situation, (2) only subjects without previous ethnic contact showed changes, (3) enjoyment of the contact situation was related to attitude change, while (4) authoritarianism was not related to attitude change.     

Toward a unified conception of intercultural communication: An integrated systems approachVers un approche systemique et unifié de la communication interculturelle

Intercultural Communication theorizing appears to be divided into two schools, one stressing the personal psychological level, the other stressing the interpersonal process level of the communication vehicle itself. Neither is in itself sufficient for future theory building in the field. Towards a unifying systemic approach in intercultural, different theoretical perspectives are briefly reviewed in regard to these schools and a conception entailing intrapersonal (cognitive), interpersonal (interpretive) and systemic (synthetic) categories are derived. This approach clarifies and integrates some present theoretical insights of the field into a more comprehensive whole.     

基督教青年会在中国的体育活动及其影响

基督教青年会是以宗教活动为主的教育体育服务团体。传入中国后开展了许多体育活动，组织过各类体育比赛，客观上推动了中国近代体育事业的发展，并产生了一定的社会影响。