"新兴电影运动"时期的电影审查制度

30年代“新兴电影”所体现的知识分子的忧患意识、源自社会理想的现实批判意识,使此前的电影创作无法企及,但它又处处与统治当局的正统意识形态相悖,受到种种限制与迫害。因而这个时期,也正是国民政府电影审查制度颁布最稠密、实施最严厉的时期,充分体现出国民政府国家机器对电影业的强权干预。     

Cases of Censorship in Public Libraries: Loudoun County,VA

ABSTRACT

In 1998, a group of adult library patrons and individuals in Loudoun County, Virginia, brought a suit against library trustees, board members, and the director of the county’s public library, claiming that the library’s use of Internet blocking software was an infringement on their First Amendment rights, leading to the federal court case Mainstream Loudoun v. Board of Trustees of the Loudoun County Library (1998). Using an in-depth case study approach and going beyond a review of the court documents, the author uses a series of qualitative interviews with individuals connected to the court case to gather more in-depth information regarding events surrounding this case of censorship in public libraries and investigate the phenomenon of librarians acting as censors themselves.     

Katia

ABSTRACT

In this article, the author recalls her professional relationship and close, personal friendship with Katia Genieva, the long-time director of the Library for Foreign Literature in Moscow.     

Return of the Kyai: representations of horror,commerce, and censorship in post‐Suharto Indonesian film and television 1

Abstract

In about half a decade since May 1998, changes have taken place in the content, production, distribution, exhibition, and discourse of Indonesian cinema. During Reformasi (1999–2001), the rules and regulations of cinema authorized under the New Order government of President Suharto began to be contested and re‐negotiated. The rise of new film genres and changes in concepts about existing genres and formats took place, new discourses emerged, and different communities and institutions arose that identified themselves with certain film genres or which used the medium of film for particular means, such as a medium for advocacy of human rights issues. Five to six years after 1998, it is apparent that besides changes, there are also many continuities: many old film institutions and structures for film production, distribution, and exhibition are still in place, and topics of discourses often recall past discourses of the New Order period or those held in the newly independent 1950s. This paper considers some of the changes in the understanding of genres and formulas within horror films, and discusses modes of representation and constraints in choices of subject matter in narrative practices in contemporary Indonesian cinema.     

Under the gaze of the state: policing literature and the case of Taslima Nasrin

Abstract

This article situates Taslima Nasrin, the controversial writer from Bangladesh, in a particular political and religious moment in the history of Bangladesh, to analyse the difficult relationship the postcolonial state shares with a writer whose work deliberately unsettles the issues of minority and of women and/in religion. The complex mosaic of Nasrin’s work, comprising as varied genres as newspaper columns, poetry and popular novels, has engendered, in the last ten years, unprecedented responses both for and against her writing. This has brought the issue of literature and its uneasy negotiation with state politics to the forefront of national debate. Despised by Islamists and fundamentalists, equally loved and loathed by the reading public, considered with caution by secular intelligentsia and fellow feminists, and ultimately banned by the state, Nasrin is a unique case in point. Her work, written under the gaze of the state defying the fundamentalist fatwa demanding her death, hence invites discussions on state censorship invoked using religious sensibility as a marker of literary judgement and the associated perils of women writing on women in a postcolony like Bangladesh.     

茅盾小说和剧本在民国时期的被查禁

茅盾的《子夜》和《清明前后》等小说和剧本在民国时期先后多次遭到国民党的查禁,理由是“鼓吹阶级斗争”、“鼓吹偏激思想,强调阶级对立”、“述及暴动”、“述及赴京请愿情形”、“描写抢米风潮”、“有不满国民革命词句”、“诋毁当局”、“指摘政府,煽惑人心”、“讥剌本党”、“不妥”等.国民党的查禁意图是消弭社会斗争意识和消除阶级斗争事件.这些作品在民国时期被查禁了近二十年,却连续出版和被热读了近二十年.这些作品在查禁的险境中不断风行的一个原因正是其斗争意识与那一时代斗争思潮的契合.     

Global Freedom of Expression Within Nontextual Frameworks

The increasing use of frameworks within which Internet users can contribute nontextual information constitutes a serious obstacle to government attempts to accurately censor and monitor Internet traffic. This development, as seen in the explosive growth of frameworks such as Second Life, YouTube, and Wikipedia, could lead to a transfer of regulatory power away from heavily regulated Internet Service Providers in nondemocratic regimes, into the hands of intermediaries that are more likely to uphold freedom of expression. Thereby, a development toward increasingly enframed and nontextual information can promote freedom of expression even in traditionally nondemocratic regimes. I analyze this development with regard to its possible implications for freedom of expression, online crime, and the role of private companies in international politics.     

Global Freedom of Expression Within Nontextual Frameworks

The increasing use of frameworks within which Internet users can contribute nontextual information constitutes a serious obstacle to government attempts to accurately censor and monitor Internet traffic. This development, as seen in the explosive growth of frameworks such as Second Life, YouTube, and Wikipedia, could lead to a transfer of regulatory power away from heavily regulated Internet Service Providers in nondemocratic regimes, into the hands of intermediaries that are more likely to uphold freedom of expression. Thereby, a development toward increasingly enframed and nontextual information can promote freedom of expression even in traditionally nondemocratic regimes. I analyze this development with regard to its possible implications for freedom of expression, online crime, and the role of private companies in international politics.     

论舆论监督与司法公正

在众多的监督形式中,舆论监督以其主体和受众的广泛性对促进司法权的公正行使起到了不可替代的作用。但不可否认的是,我国当前舆论监督确实存在越界行使、不当行使的问题,使两者产生冲突,干扰司法权的独立和公正行使,致使舆论监督异化为舆论审判,进而损害司法公正。司法权的特质决定了两者存在平衡的基础,而两者平衡又依赖于观念层面的建构和实践层面的把握。