Censorship and Scarcity

This article presents a case study on how goods scarcity, both natural and artificially created, was used along with censorship to control the Portuguese public's access to information during the 1930s and 1940s. Even though the dictatorship that ruled Portugal from 1933 relied on a censorship apparatus that prevented the publication and broadcast of many pieces of national and international news, the research presented in this article demonstrates how the regime took advantage of the Spanish Civil War and World War II to increase restrictions on the circulation of information, justifying this through the artificially created scarcity of paper and radio frequencies. Furthermore, this article also describes how a third type of scarcity—that of electricity—also restricted listeners' access to radio broadcasts, which led many Portuguese to make sacrifices in order to listen to updated news.     

Commerce and the Church

First published in January 1905, the Irish Independent is widely acknowledged as having been influenced by developments in journalism first associated, almost a decade earlier, with the Daily Mail in Britain. However, this article argues that while the Irish Independent adopted many elements of New Journalism its proprietor, William Martin Murphy was strategically selective in how elements were incorporated within his new venture. The success of the Irish Independent can be viewed as the outcome of two processes: the selection and adaption of some aspects of New Journalism to create a successful commercial newspaper and also the exclusion of what were considered the less desirable elements of New Journalism that may have damaged the title’s circulation in a country where the power of the Roman Catholic Church was strong. Murphy, in effect, ‘shopped’ for aspects of New Journalism as practiced elsewhere that he felt were most suitable to the local Irish market. In the latter respect, this article highlights the importance of considering the local context when discussing the universality of journalism practice.     

The curriculum as a site of counter politics: theorising the ‘domain of the sayable’

Whilst there has been increasing focus on the impact of neoliberal education policy on the curriculum covered in schools, as well as on teacher and student subjectivities, less research has been done on the possibility, or otherwise, for teachers to challenge curriculum constraints. Arguing that these curriculum constraints are not simply imposed by an external censor, this article takes up Judith Butler’s concept of the ‘domain of the sayable’ to theorise what it is possible to imagine teaching in the primary school classroom in the first place. I draw on two different ethnographic data episodes to explore the parameters of the domain of the sayable in the space of the classroom in which I taught, mapping the silences and sudden swerving away from topics that seem to be straying close to what is impossible to say or hear. This process offers new insight into how we might conceptualise teacher resistance and counter politics within the current educational policy milieu in the United Kingdom.     

Freedom and censorship in the emerging electronic environment

Citizens’ ability to express themselves free of government interference is considered the bedrock of American democracy. Still, for every new “speech” form, from telegraph to fiber optics, a separate war has been waged over the scope and boundaries of the First Amendment. Existing communications will continue to converge with waves of developing technologies. These hybrid forms of telecommunication will enable the n‐way sharing of multidimensional worlds of sight, sound and touch over invisible and ubiquitous terabyte highways. Recommendations are made to help preserve this first freedom in the decades ahead.     

Publishing in Serbia

Abstract

The history of Serbian publishing is inextricably tied to Serbian and Yugoslav history in general. The author discusses publishing in the territory from the beginning, concentrating on the period 1990-1999. She deals with statistics, and basic themes and problems from this period. She then compares censorship in communist Yugoslavia to that in 1990-1999. Finally, the article lists leading Serbian publishers from this recent period and their profiles.     

The Slovak Periodical Press: Historical Development,Current Content,New Forms of Access

SUMMARY

The authors discuss the development of the Slovak periodical press within its historical context and their expectations for its future. The article covers general characteristics of Slovak magazines and newspapers from World War II to 1989, and their later development since the Velvet Revolution up to the present. It also discusses the Slovak press outside of Slovakia from the late nineteenth century.     

从“小说之禁”看袁枚《子不语》的版本流变

《子不语》成书于乾隆后期,屡经刊刻,版本演变较为复杂,与“小说之禁”密切相关：乾嘉年间,禁例稍宽,《子不语》刊刻未受影响;道光、同治年间,禁例极严,《子不语》由“抽禁”到彻底禁绝;光绪年间,禁例虚设,《子不语》被广为印行;民国以后,禁例无存,《子不语》版本异常丰富。     

Terror(ism) in the classroom: censorship,affect and uncivil bodies

This paper examines an event in a US secondary classroom where a Muslim student was disciplined for reading lesbian erotica in class. While many students read and exchanged erotica in the school, this student in particular was targeted for a disciplinary hearing. I explore this as an affective event, a moment of sensation and excess, to think about how the taken-for-granted dramas of the classroom might be manifestations of larger scale events and geopolitical forces. Here post-9/11 practices of surveilling and managing Muslim bodies and ambivalent affects around Muslim women coalesced to escalate an ‘event.’ As mainstream media increasingly report incidents of Islamophobia in schools, educational research needs pay heed to the experiences and voices of Muslim students. Here a student’s outspokenness, agency, and animated affect were positioned as insubordinate and deemed threatening to the sanctity of the school. Incivility and dissent, rather than insubordinate, are important affects to make space for in secondary schools, particularly for students of color. This paper also explores several concepts in relation to qualitative research including data as affect, affective pedagogies, and glitch methodologies.     

民国时期的科学名词审查活动——以中国科学社为中心

科学名词的统一,直接关系到科学的规范化。早在美国,中国科学社就拟定了科学名词的审定计划。迁回国内之后,中国科学社积极参与国内的科学名词审定工作。数学、物理学、生物学、化学等学科的名词审定工作之所以取得重大进展,离不开中国科学社社员的倾力投入。     

市场经济体制下行政审批制度改革探析

"行政审批"与"行政许可"并不是同一概念,二者有着较大的差异。市场经济体制下行政审批制度有其存续的价值,但是由于本身固有的缺陷制约了市场经济的发展,因此必须对它进行改革。改革的实质是彻底转变政府职能。