We make the road by walking together: New teachers and the collaborative and context-specific appropriation of shared social justice-oriented practices and concepts

This study examined the work of a collaborative group of six new United States-based social studies teachers from the same social justice-oriented teacher education program (SJOTEP). Shared practices and concepts introduced previously in the SJOTEP were developed and appropriated to their classrooms and schools in consideration of the local context, through the collaborative problem-solving process of the group. It is argued that SJOTEPs and TEPs committed to issues of diversity, democracy, inclusion, and/or equity should be collaboration-based, teach a coherent and consistent social justice-focused curriculum, and provide post-graduation collaborative support and research it.     

Universities and government‐sponsored contract research: an Australian case study

Based on interviews, this article provides a case study of the experiences of academic staff at one Australian regional university in undertaking contract research projects sponsored by government departments and agencies. Academics from a surprisingly diverse range of disciplines are attracted to government‐sponsored research for a variety of reasons but particularly important is the financial support provided for research projects and postgraduate research students. Projects vary in scale, amounts of funding involved and purposes, with research activities covering a wide range of different activities including collection and analysis of data, provision of documentation on good practice, design of implementation strategies, evaluations, organisational reviews and policy recommendations. Overall, respondents are highly positive about their experiences, despite problems such as delays in payment of funds, inappropriately restricted timelines, frequent changes in senior agency personnel, unrealistic expectations, and restrictions in the use of data and publication of results. While many academics from different disciplines provide policy recommendations and carry out evaluative studies, few are well informed about the extent to which their work is actually utilised.     

The Co-Effects of Query Structure and Expansion on Retrieval Performance in Probabilistic Text Retrieval

The effects of query structures and query expansion (QE) on retrieval performance were tested with a best match retrieval system (InQuery¹). Query structure means the use of operators to express the relations between search keys. Six different structures were tested, representing strong structures (e.g., queries with facets or concepts identified) and weak structures (no concepts identified, a query is a bag of search keys). QE was based on concepts, which were first selected from a searching thesaurus, and then expanded by semantic relationships given in the thesaurus. The expansion levels were (a) no expansion, (b) a synonym expansion, (c) a narrower concept expansion, (d) an associative concept expansion, and (e) a cumulative expansion of all other expansions. With weak structures and Boolean structured queries, QE was not very effective. The best performance was achieved with a combination of a facet structure, where search keys within a facet were treated as instances of one search key (the SYN operator), and the largest expansion.     

浅析教练员与运动员的人际关系

本文从正反两个方面论述了优秀运动队中处理好教练员和运动员关系的重要性，并提出了如何处理好关系的方法和建议．     

母语在大学外语分级教学体制下C级班级教学中的积极作用

在外语学习过程中,母语的迁移作用一直是人们研究的话题之一,但是多数研究的重点都放在母语的负迁移作用上,忽视了母语正迁移的积极作用,本文通过对母语正迁移机制的研究,结合分级教学下C级学生的英语水平现状以及在外语学习过程所遇到的实际问题,分析并阐释了母语在基础薄弱班级进行教学的积极作用。     

浅谈母语负迁移对大学英语写作的影响及教学对策

对于外语学习者来说,母语负迁移一直是影响第二外语学习效果的重要因素之一,其产生的原因是中西方文化的差异导致思维方式的差异,表现在写作上就是用词、写作方法、观察角度的不同。本文分析了外语学习者在写作方面受到母语负迁移的影响,分析了其产生的原因,并提出了相应的教学策略。     

软件测试中选择有效测试技术的一种方法

软件测试对于软件发展具有重要作用,有多种不同的软件测试技术,如何从中选择一个高效的测试技术是软件测试管理中的一个重要问题。本文针对该问题分析了覆盖水平与测试技术有效性之间的关系,并以路径覆盖测试和判定覆盖测试这两种方法为例进行了实验研究,结果表明在缺陷检出率及测试用例数与测试覆盖率之间遵循幂指数关系,这种幂指数关系有助于测试人员在给定覆盖率时,对缺陷发现率和需要的测试用例数进行预测。     

Insider–outsider perspective: revisiting the conceptual framework of research methodology in language teacher education

The present paper discusses three types of research perspective on the insider–outsider continuum: outsider research, (insider's) outsider research, and insider research. It examines the essential features of the insider–outsider distinction with reference to categories such as researcher, students, classroom context, contribution, control of condition, quality criteria, disclosure of information, and example of research. The paper concludes that the insider–outsider perspective can serve as a means of building a strong theoretical base in language teaching research that will help language teacher practitioner–researchers to situate their work within a wide variety of research types.     

Yer Doin’ it Wrong: How NOT to Interact with Vendors,Publishers, or Librarians

Three librarians who have extensive experience working in libraries or for publishers, vendors, or consortia presented an informal discussion on librarian–vendor relationships. The audience was encouraged to participate. Problems were articulated; speakers and audience members contributed suggestions for better approaches or behaviors when handling difficult situations.     

浅论成人在二语习得中的母语负迁移现象

母语迁移对二语或外语学习的影响历来是语言学家们研究的重点,也是引起争论的焦点之一。我国成人在学习二语时经常出现的错误大都源于母语的负迁移作用。拟从语音、词汇、句法、语用等四个层面出发,以英语学习为例,通过比照汉语和英语的不同语言特性,分析由此引起的母语对成人二语习得过程中的负迁移作用,并提出相应的策略以促进第二语言的学习。