Creativity development in preschoolers: The effects of children’s museum visits and other education environment factors

As one of the potential contextual factors for creativity development, children’s museum has been introduced to China from the western world in recent years, with the aim to offer a new informal educational environment to enhance children’s creativity. Based on experimental data for two groups of 4-year-old preschoolers (218 for the family mode and 202 for the preschool mode) from Beijing with an appropriately one-year long intervention (September 2017 to July 2018), this study examines the effect of regular visits to a children’s museum and other education environmental factors on young children’s creativity measured by Torrance’s Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement (TCAM) test. Results indicate that in terms of family visit, compared to the control group, the intervention that offers 18 times free tickets to visit a children’s museum significantly improved the experiment group’s originality (a sub-measure of creativity) by an additional 34.51 %. A beneficial effect of this intervention was also found in improving children’s fluency from the sample of preschool group visit (46.80 %). In addition, family education environment factors such as public preschool attendance, frequency of visits to science museums, and the degree of parents’ latitude were also found to positively affect creativity. Children’s personal features such as sex and geographic location of the family are also found to be related with children’s creativity.     

对接于课标，区别于课堂 ——辽宁省科技馆“馆校结合”项目开发思路

各地“馆校结合”普遍学校方面积极性不高。为此,通过调查分析“馆校结合”中的问题和困难,认为其根本原因是馆方服务与学校教学内容脱节、未能满足校方需求所致。结合辽宁省科技馆经验,本文提出了为学校提供既对接科学课程标准又区别于课堂教学方式的课程开发思路。实践证明,这一思路对提升“馆校结合”质量和效果具有促进作用。     

新媒体时代博物馆传播的多元化需求与对策

新媒体时代,传统的博物馆传播模式受到了极大挑战。根据受众对于传播媒介、传播方式日益多样化需求的分析,本文提出:多元化传播是当代博物馆自身功能变革与发展的内涵要求,更是博物馆应对外部新媒体时代的发展要求。在此基础上,通过对于博物馆传播特征、受众需求和博物馆多元化传播案例的分析,探讨了新媒体时代的博物馆传播的多元化需求与对策。     

“‘科学有曰’之再现经典实验:比萨斜塔实验”教案

本教案以“比萨斜塔实验”为素材,将“科学思维”与“探究实践”的科学方法及相应的科学思想作为重点,以“像科学家探究科学一样学习科学”为教学理念,在“5E教学法”的基础上强化了二次“探究—解释”,以探究式学习与情境教学为主要教学方法,以动手实验、交流讨论、角色扮演相结合的活动形式,引导学生进行“质疑→思辨→实证”的科学探究,实现“具象→抽象”的科学认知,初步了解和运用“思辨的科学”与“实证的科学”。     

基于趣味性情境的“三位一体”博物馆教育——对儿童讲解辅导中兴趣与情境的重新认识与提升

面向儿童群体讲解自然科普展览是许多博物馆开展教育活动的重要方式。然而,传统讲解无法激发儿童兴趣,难以进行学习迁移和延伸。本文以云南省博物馆“远古云南”展厅为例,从三因素情境性兴趣模型出发,运用“情境认知与学习理论”和“情境教学法”对兴趣和情境进行深度分析,提出“情境化讲解辅导设计三步法”。通过实践,实现多样化情境和趣味性紧密结合,形成融合趣味性、教学内容、教学方法的“三位一体”博物馆讲解辅导,鼓励儿童把学习变为实践,逐步建立起自我与自然的联系。     

幕后探索活动在我国博物馆中的实践研究

作为一类与藏品和研究相关的教育活动,幕后探索活动在欧美博物馆界颇为流行,近年来逐渐走进国内学界的视野,部分博物馆已经进行了本土化的思考与实践。幕后探索活动是博物馆合理化利用馆藏资源、提升公共文化服务水平的有效途径之一。在机遇与挑战并存的当下,如何提升这一教育活动的实践水平是我国博物馆工作者亟待深思的问题。基于此,本文聚焦博物馆幕后探索活动的相关问题,探讨其概念、意义以及国内博物馆在实践中面临的现实问题,并尝试总结出几点提升我国博物馆幕后探索活动水平的建议与思考。     

打造新时代高质量科普服务体系核心阵地——《现代科技馆体系发展“十四五”规划(2021—2025年)》的编制与思考

结合参与《现代科技馆体系发展“十四五”规划(2021—2025年)》研究编制工作的思考和体会,尝试对现代科技馆体系发展这一新蓝图从整体上予以解读,剖析其制定的时代背景和思考起点,梳理科技馆体系存在的问题,并以“重新定义科技馆体系”给出问题的对策,提出五个方面的重点任务及相应保障措施,阐述了《规划》的特点和关键,以期为有效贯彻落实《规划》提供借鉴。     

现代科技馆体系人才队伍发展策略研究

人才对于对现代科技馆体系建设具有战略性、支撑性作用。《现代科技馆体系发展“十四五”规划(2021—2025年)》提出,“丰富科技馆体系人力资源,加强培训,完善激励机制,造就一支总量充足、素质优良、专兼并重的人才队伍。”本文通过对人才队伍发展现状的研究和问题分析,从工作理念、培养机制、激励措施、统筹推进等方面对人才队伍培养提出对策建议。     

The Special Collection Fond of the Presidents of Ukraine as an Integrated Informational Resource for Research on the Institution of the Presidency

ABSTRACT

The article describes the functions of the special collection Fond of the Presidents of Ukraine (FPU) within the V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, as well as the history of its formation, purpose, activities, and operational features. It emphasizes that the main characteristics of the institution are not only collecting and using various types of documents, but also research and informational-analytical work to popularize them among citizens and authorities. Unlike the US presidential libraries, in Ukraine the conception of the FPU envisages it as an integrated documentary and informational-analytical center to collect heritage materials and study the institution of the presidency as a whole. FPU also provides operative scholarly and informational resources to government officials, to the scholarly community, to the broad student community, and to society in general through the Internet portal of the V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine and social networks.     

关于科技馆建筑规划与功能的思考

我国科技馆事业进入快速发展时期,科技馆的建筑规模和数量不断增加。同时,我国科技馆建筑规划和建设过程中也遇到各种问题。本文结合国内外科技馆相关的案例,分析了科技馆建筑的选址、室外空间的功能设置、科技馆建筑的核心价值等问题,提出科技馆建筑选址的本质是城市功能规划问题、科技馆规划用地应考虑室外空间功能的综合利用、科技馆建筑的核心价值是适应公共科学文化服务设施发展的需要等观点。