博物馆旅游市场特点及其开发策略——基于广州三大博物馆的调查研究

以广州具有代表性的三座博物馆为例,本次研究通过问卷调查来分析博物馆游客的行为特点。研究发现,博物馆游客以本地人尤其是青少年学生为主;大多数游客是经他人推荐而来;游览时间约为1-2小时;7成左右的游客没有购买纪念品的意愿。博物馆在解说系统、展览形式和内容、馆内环境和配套设施方面尚存在不足。在调查分析的基础上,研究指出博物馆应从经营观念、市场定位、产品设计和营销宣传方面着手,进一步开发旅游市场。     

Clothing as a source of fibres within museums

This paper examines the role of visitors’ clothing as a source of fibres and dust in museums. Some idealised experiments determined the mass of fibres and dust emitted from clothing and the range of particle sizes found. In chamber studies it was possible to examine the effect of different humidity and airflow on fibre release. Image analysis was used to determine particle size from sub-micron to giant particles including clothing fibre. Clothing was a significant contributor to fibre and dust generation and at low humidity winter garments composed largely of wool was especially large. High air velocity increased particle shedding from clothing. Clean clothing typically released a third to a tenth the weight of particulate material from dirty clothing. It is possible that the fibres and dust produced indoors from visitors could be reduced by an air-shower at the entrance, but less intrusive procedures such as keeping visitors at a distance from objects may be preferable.     

Science identity trajectories throughout school visits to a science museum

Research has repeatedly demonstrated how informal learning environments afford science-identity development by fostering a broader array of interactions and recognizing more varied participation modes and roles, as compared to the classroom. Thus, science teachers are encouraged to take students to field trips in informal environments, including science museums. However, the question of whether and how informal environments indeed support science identities also in a schooling context (i.e., in field trips) has not yet been explored. This case study addresses this question by analyzing identity trajectories of three students throughout six school visits to an Israeli science museum. We observed and recorded these students in the museum over the course of 3 years (fourth to sixth grade). We also visited their school and interviewed them after each visit. Drawing on a sociocultural interactional approach to identity, we analyzed 18 hr of video and audio recordings, tracking the participation of the three students across time and contexts, comparing between the students, points in time and settings, including structured (museum lab), semi-structured (riddle-solving activities in exhibition halls), and unstructured settings (free exploration). We employed linguistic ethnographic methods and microanalysis to examine the ways in which the students participated and their positioning by self and others. While we found differences between settings within the museum, overall, the findings show that the museum reproduced the school's interaction, positioning, and roles. The “(non)science person” in school was also the “(non)science person” in the museum, and thus, the museum visits did not appear to shift identity trajectories. These findings challenge the premise that informal environments support the development of science identities also in a schooling context and call for a more critical view of such fieldtrips in terms of their pedagogical and physical design, facilitation approach, and consideration of peers' social interaction.     

数字藏品在高校博物馆中的价值实现路径研究

在当前我国推行文化强国和数字中国建设的政策背景下,在数字经济发展外延的社会趋势下,发展数字藏品成为近年来不可阻挡的潮流。本文通过了解高校博物馆当前发展状况,综合分析数字藏品在高校博物馆中的传播价值、共享价值、教研价值、纪念价值与社交价值,对数字藏品进行有针对性的价值发掘,进而探寻数字藏品在高校博物馆中的价值实现路径,力图助力高校博物馆摆脱当前发展掣肘,提高资源利用效率,探索新的发展道路,助力国家健全公共文化服务体系,提高群众文化自信。     

基于数据策管的博物馆数字服务设计——以故宫博物院一站式线上数字平台建设为例

作为拥有百万藏品、开展数字化较早的博物馆之一,故宫博物院管理着大量的文物及其产生的数据。目前,因现存数据存在数量庞大、多源异构且较为分散的现象,导致利用这些数据制作的数字内容难以被全面管理、利用率变低。为改善这一现状,故宫引入英国数据策管中心数据策管周期模型,建立数字服务设计与数据策管并行的工作机制,尝试在实践工作中通过搭建一站式数字服务平台,对数字内容的管理及利用效率产生积极作用。     

科技馆展品运行状态综合评估实践——以北京科学中心为例

科技馆的展品多为一次性投入,但创新研发并不是一次性完成,在实际开放运行过程中必然与设计初衷和观众理解存在偏差,因此改进、完善是必不可少的。通过组织展品运行状态综合评估,构建包括知识传达、互动形式、教育应用、体验效果和质量状况的五项指标评估框架,收集科技馆展品的优缺点信息,组织内部与外部进行合作评估,采取定性评价与定量分析相结合的混合评估方法,形成改造、升级或更新的支撑方案,明确展品升级优化的目的性,从而实现科技馆展品常展常新和创新研发。     

From Docent to Cyberdocent: Education and Guidancein the Virtual Museum

The paper explores the nature of docents'work in museums. From this is derived the concept ofthe docent function to describe different aspects ofthat work, some of which may be performed by otherpeople and also by objects such as maps andguidebooks. This analysis leads to the idea of theCyberdocent – an extension of the docent function totake advantage of new possibilities afforded byadvanced technologies. The potential of theCyberdocent in both virtual and real museums isinvestigated. The authors claim that it is theprovision of docent functions that make a physicalmuseum more than merely a collection, and equally, itis by the provision of Cyberdocent functionality thata virtual collection becomes a virtual museum.     

Spatial equity and cultural participation: how access influences attendance at museums and galleries in London

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses how neighbourhoods operate as opportunity structures for cultural participation, and therefore how unequal access to cultural facilities might influence levels of participation and profiles of participants. The neighbourhood effects literature identifies how where people live shapes their lives, including their participation in various activities, but this has not been applied to cultural participation. Sociological theory explores the importance of social stratification of cultural consumption, but has largely ignored the role of place. In this paper sociological explanations of cultural participation are extended to incorporate the influence of access to cultural infrastructure. An innovative accessibility index for museums and galleries in London, using online searches to weight their attraction, is linked to the Taking Part Survey, and used to predict attendance. Alongside social stratification, significant neighbourhood characteristics are identified, including, importantly, access to museums and galleries. Improved access has a strong positive relationship with attendance, which varies according to qualifications and ethnic group: those with degrees are most likely to attend, but the relationship with access also operates for those with fewer qualifications, who according to traditional explanations have little disposition to attend. The implications of the substantial spatial inequity in investment in museums and galleries are discussed.     

Models of Digital Cooperation

ABSTRACT

Three cooperative digital library projects (American Memory; the Publication of Archival, Library, and Museum Materials program; and the Minnesota Digital Library) are analyzed for evidence of the costs and benefits of cooperative digital library projects for digital conversion generally.