博物馆建设是奠定国际化大都市的文化基础

以大力建设国有的历史—文化类博物馆为引领,以发展行业博物馆和民营博物馆为两翼,以政府主导,政策扶持,大胆创新,整体快速推进为基本模式,包括应采取大力新建、适度扩建和改建相结合的办法,进一步完善、充实、开发和大力推进社会历史—文化类博物馆(院)建设发展,大力推进主要以行业类博物馆呈现的自然科技类和艺术类博物馆(院)建设发展,花力气扭转特殊型博物馆与建设国际化大都市不相适应的局面。     

Memory and critical education: Approaches in the District Six Museum

Abstract

This article begins with the argument that education has become an important site of activity in museums around the world. This development has been of crucial significance for South Africa where many new museums have come into being and where old museums are now taking new courses. The challenge that these museums are having to confront is how to deal with the question of their public education responsibilities with respect to issues such as race, identity, nation and nation-building. How does the museum tell its story in ways that are inclusive and at the same time critical? How these challenges play themselves out in a museum such as the District Six Museum is important to talk about. What this discussion about the District Six Museum reveals is how little attention is paid to forms of public education in institutions outside of the school in South Africa. It is significant that the museum, which has come to play such a significant role in the reimagination of South Africa and is assuming in the intentions of the new government such a pivotal role in teaching South Africans about their pasts, is understood so poorly. The article uses the District Six Museum example to look critically at what a new museum educational practice might consist of.     

Allowable microclimatic variations for painted wood

Abstract

Environmental standards for cultural heritage collections have been much debated in recent years. The interest in the issue has been driven by the growing movement towards green museums, that is, managing indoor museum environments in a responsible and efficient manner, especially in terms of reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions but at the same time maintaining high standards of collection care. Painted wood is among the category of heritage objects most vulnerable to relative humidity and temperature fluctuations. Therefore, scientific understanding of how changes in environmental conditions ultimately affect painted wood is crucial to the development of rational guidelines for the control of climate in museums and historic buildings. This review provides a systematic progression through two fundamental approaches to establish the allowable ranges of climatic variations – an analysis of the mechanical response of painted wood as a complex, multilayer system to climate variations, and an analysis of the historic climate to which the objects have acclimatized. The climate specifications and standards based on both these approaches are reviewed.     

Evaluation of the stability,appearance and performance of resins for the adhesion of flaking paint on ethnographic objects

ABSTRACT

The Natural History Museum (NHM), London was one of the first national museums to introduce a museum-wide integrated pest management (IPM) strategy that includes the concept of risk zones (Doyle, Pinniger, and Ryder 2007). This system is based on the principle of pest prevention within a museum building, which will always have a resident population of pest insects. The loss of Dichlorvos [DDVP] resulted in an urgent need to implement a museum-wide IPM programme to protect vulnerable collections both in storage areas and on display. With such a large, diverse collection in a complex series of interconnecting buildings, it became necessary to break the programme down into sections. Thus the development and implementation of the concept of risk zones: classifying areas of the museum from high risk to low risk has proved a useful and effective method to promote staff awareness and best practice as part of a comprehensive IPM programme.     

Documenting the Efforts of the Home Countries: Poland,the Czech Republic,Slovakia and Émigré Collections in the United States of America

The article discusses work by Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia with Polish-American, Czech-American, and Slovak-American collections in the United States.     

Models of Digital Cooperation

ABSTRACT

Three cooperative digital library projects (American Memory; the Publication of Archival, Library, and Museum Materials program; and the Minnesota Digital Library) are analyzed for evidence of the costs and benefits of cooperative digital library projects for digital conversion generally.     

‘Can art save the world?’ The colonial experience and pedagogies of display

ABSTRACT

The quote in the title of this paper is taken from the first line of Marc Depaepe’s article “An Agenda for the History of Colonial Education”, published in The Colonial Experience in Education (Ghent, 1995). This presentation takes as its focus the informal learning space of the museum and the art gallery, and the emergence in recent years of curatorial activism. It seeks to explore the changing discourse and politics around addressing through display the history of colonialism and its meaning in today’s globalised world.     

The Government's Choice of Bureaucratic Organisation: An Application to Italian State Museums

Italian state museums are characterised by a rigid bureaucratic structure and are almost completely financed by government transfers. In this paper we develop a simplified two-stage model in an attempt to explain how the government's preferences for differentiated museum functions may affect museum organisation. The model shows that the government prefers that complementary functions (e.g., conservation and scientific research) be produced by a single museum, whereas it prefers that substitutable functions (e.g., conservation and access by the general public) be produced by two museums. We use this prediction for an empirical analysis of the organisational structure of Italian state museums. On the basis of the unique ISTAT census of the Italian museum system, we test with two separate probit models the probability of observing in a state museum the concentration of either scientific activities of conservation and research or promotion activities for education and the general public. Higher classes of centralisation for the state museums are also considered by means of an ordered probit model. The results seem to suggest that the Italian state museum structure, as surveyed in the early 1990s, fully reflected the traditional policy model viewing museums as institutions devoted to conservation, scientific research and education. JEL-Classification: D73, Z11     

我国科技类博物馆发展研究报告

经过30余年的快速发展,我国科技类博物馆建设成绩斐然,对促进我国公民科学素质提高、促进国家经济社会发展起到了积极作用。与此同时,发展不平衡、场馆利用率不高、管理机制僵化滞后等问题也越来越突出。面对国际上科学教育的智能化、虚拟化和科技类博物馆科学教育外延及其越来越多地参与科学文化传播的趋势,结合国家“十三五”规划,我国科技类博物馆在“十三五”期间应做好完善现代科技馆体系、建设虚拟科技类博物馆、推动特色科技博物馆建设、创新完善科技类博物馆管理等重点工作,保持持续健康发展。