博物馆旅游市场特点及其开发策略——基于广州三大博物馆的调查研究

以广州具有代表性的三座博物馆为例,本次研究通过问卷调查来分析博物馆游客的行为特点。研究发现,博物馆游客以本地人尤其是青少年学生为主;大多数游客是经他人推荐而来;游览时间约为1-2小时;7成左右的游客没有购买纪念品的意愿。博物馆在解说系统、展览形式和内容、馆内环境和配套设施方面尚存在不足。在调查分析的基础上,研究指出博物馆应从经营观念、市场定位、产品设计和营销宣传方面着手,进一步开发旅游市场。     

促进女孩的STEM参与:科技类博物馆的包容性设计

科学教育加法不止是在内容和形式上做加法,更重要是让更多的群体深度参与到科学中来。如何实现更加包容的STEM教育,让女孩更多地参与到STEM领域的学习、工作中来是博物馆科学教育研究与实践中应关注的问题。科技类博物馆是重要的非正式科学学习场所,肩负着科学教育的“包容性”使命。但校内科学教育中的性别差异现象同样存在于博物馆环境中。本文梳理国外场馆在展陈设计、教学方法和教育项目的实践,分析“促进女孩参与的展览设计方法”“响应女性需求的设计框架”和面向女孩设计的博物馆教育活动,探讨从不同层面促进女孩STEM参与的方法,以期促进我国科技类博物馆为女孩创造更包容、更公平、更具吸引力的非正式STEM学习体验。     

Finding the skills for tomorrow: Information literacy and museum information professionals

This paper presents results from 21 semi-structured interviews with museum information professionals who were asked about their experiences working with information resources, tools, and technologies in museums. The interviews were analyzed to develop an understanding of the information literacy skills of museum information professionals. This paper presents the results of this analysis, and discusses the state of information literacy in museums, and the increasing need for museum information professionals to possess information literacy skills. The results illustrate how information literacy is defined by information professionals in museums, and how perceptions of information literacy and its importance to museums have changed over time.     

科技馆展教能力建设的实践与思考

科技馆教育功能的实现,其核心在于展教能力建设。本文总结了近十年中国科技馆展教能力建设的思路与经验,提出科技馆展教能力建设模型,重点探讨了其中发展能力建设的内涵;以中国科技馆展教中心为案例,分析了展教能力建设的三方面内容,即研究、制度及实践,并面向未来提出人才培养、服务供给及教育管理三方面的思考。     

“抖音”:科技馆科普教育传播新渠道

抖音APP的走红给科技馆的科学传播方式带来新的机遇与挑战。本文基于抖音作品的特征,分析了科技馆开发抖音作品的意义,并对国内科技馆抖音平台应用现状进行了调查和分析,提出利用抖音进行科学传播的发展思路和策略。     

On the need for expanded guidance in navigating ethical learning research at science museums

Science learning occurs throughout people's lives, inside and outside of school, in formal, informal, and nonformal settings. While museums have long played a role in science education, learning in this and other informal settings has not been studied nor understood as deeply as in formal settings (i.e., schools and classrooms). This position paper, written by learning researchers in a science museum engaged in equity and access work, notes that while the researchers consider the ethics of their work regularly and deeply, little formal guidance exists for the ethical challenges they routinely face in studying science learning. To explore this, the paper first shares contexts of studying informal science education at the Science Museum of Minnesota, including epistemological understandings of both science and research, a commitment to justice-based equity, and existing ethical guidance and processes. Drawing on three research projects, it explores ethical issues pertaining to (a) museum visitors and (b) museum staff and community members engaging in participatory research. First, as visitors do not generally come to a museum to be part of a research study, learning researchers must consider sampling, representation, and data collection methods, balancing these with a museum-goer's desires for their visit. Second, when using participatory methodologies with staff, community members, and young people as co-researchers, ethical considerations involve building relationships, redefining (unanticipated) risks, and data collection and dissemination practices that do not extend existing social inequities or work hierarchies. Ultimately, this position paper argues for expanded or revised ethical guidance that meets the needs of this work, surpasses current guidelines or institutional review board practices, draws on epistemologies outside of a supposedly neutral, individualistic Western framework, and places participants at the center of the work. Such a discussion could enhance the ethical study of science learning across settings.     

Museums for the many? Rhetorical optimism and the failure of sustained political will at three London government-funded museums – then and now

ABSTRACT

This article contends that there are considerable similarities between nineteenth- and twenty-first-century aspirations for museums – not least, in respect to promises of “museums for the many”. Despite contemporary policy makers of different political allegiances embracing similar rhetorics, in general they appear to have had little interest in reflecting on previous realities. This article focuses on attendances at three national museums, in particular the British Museum, the National Gallery and, the Victoria & Albert Museum (formerly, the South Kensington Museum) over two periods: from the early 1850s to the late 1880s, and from the late 1970s to the present. It interrogates those and other institutions’ visit data for evidence of whether they did, indeed, deliver to “the many”. It questions the commitment of state-supported museums to those target audiences, both then and now.     

Football Museums: History,Identity, and Connection

Abstract

With an increasing number of museums of popular culture, the portrayal of the ‘pop’ and everyday life experiences has linked museums more closely with projections of identities. Engaging with one of world’s most popular sports, football museums enhance the possibilities of reaching a wider public and of providing forums for issues of history and identity. Based on research conducted at the National Football Museum in Manchester and the Linzi Football Museum in Zibo, a cross-cultural study of how football museums represent the history of football, construct identities, and promote communications between different football cultures is provided. By examining the exhibiting practices, activity programmes, cultural settings of the two football museums, as well as connections between them, this article joins continuing efforts to understand the interpretations of football culture, with objectives of introducing the usually ignored Linzi Football Museum to the football world and communicating the development of football museums to a wider audience.     

博物馆使命视角下科学技术类博物馆的科学传播

博物馆使命是博物馆对其存在理由的解释,是博物馆实践操作层面的理论依据和行动指导,对科学技术类博物馆实现科学传播具有重要意义。然而我国博物馆存在“使命宣言真空”的困境,更遑论科学技术类博物馆基于使命宣言的科学传播。在博物馆使命宣言撰写、围绕使命的科学传播与使命反思重塑方面,国外科学技术类博物馆已积累大量经验。通过对这些案例的分析,总结科学技术类博物馆在使命宣言构建中的基本要素与撰写流程、围绕使命宣言的业务活动展开与效果评估。     

馆藏动物剥制标本的管理及预防性保护

动物剥制标本作为自然博物馆、高校博物馆、部分综合性博物馆以及科研机构标本馆的重要收藏对象和展示资源,具有极高的收藏价值、展览价值、艺术价值、科研价值和科普教育价值等,但在长期保藏过程中,因受制作工艺、环境条件、人为活动的影响,极易受到损坏。本文论述了馆藏动物剥制标本的常规管理、保藏环境管理以及预防性保护,旨在为我国自然标本管理,特别是为动物剥制标本的管理和保藏工作提供参考资料。