大学有机化学实验教学改革的探索

针对有机实验现有教材的不足,从改革实验教学内容方面对有机化学实验教学进行改革。新的实验分成基本操作实验、多步骤有机合成实验和综合性实验三部分内容,突出完整性、绿色性、实践性的特点。通过教学改革,不但顺利完成教学大纲规定的教学要求,而且全面提高学生的实验操作技术,培养学生的创新能力和科研分析能力。     

潜隐在爱情书写中的政治叙事——《爱,是不能忘记的》中的爱情隐喻

女主人公钟雨对老干部充满想象的浓烈情感夹杂了太多英雄崇拜因素。她对老干部爱情上的"忠于",被置换成知识分子对党和国家的信仰。张洁选择这种私人性表达方式,既开始了新时期文学叙事方式,也连接了"五四"文化传统,具有特殊的文学史意义。     

Getting good at small talk: student-directed learning of social conversation skills

For students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), learning social skills is an intricate but essential task to facilitate social inclusion and participation. Limited research is available on social skills interventions for adolescents with ASD and intellectual disabilities (ID). This article presents a case study that illustrates how the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction was used to improve self-chosen social conversation skills in a Norwegian 14-year old student with ASD and mild ID. This case study illustrates that, also for students with ASD and ID, giving them the opportunity to set personally relevant goals may improve their autonomous motivation, thereby increasing the likelihood of goal attainment.     

本科有机化学实验教学评价方法探索

为了客观地评定学生有机化学实验成绩,探索新的有机化学实验量化评价方法,采用"全程监控"加期末抽查评定法对学生进行全面评价,实践结果表明,本方法对促进实验教学质量的提高具有重要意义.     

广西水稻种业知识产权保护现状及发展对策

通过农业植物新品种、专利、地理标志等三方面分析广西水稻种业知识产权保护现状,发现广西水稻种业知识产权存在创造数量与质量不高、管理不够重视、运用效果不明显、保护效果待加强等问题。提出从六方面加强广西水稻种业知识产权保护,以促进广西水稻产业进一步发展:进行立体保护,全方位保护水稻种业知识产权;实行全程管理,提高知识产权保护与运用水平;提升专利质量,培育高价值核心专利;营造良好的知识产权保护与服务环境;加强农村知识产权教育,助力乡村振兴;以及加强种业"走出去"过程中的知识产权保护等。     

技术引进与自主研发对经济增长的影响——基于知识产权保护视角

中国正在实施创新驱动发展战略,应进一步关注促进经济增长的技术创新的两大途径：技术引进与自主研发。若实现了技术引进与自主研发的途径整合,则有益于缩小技术差距,但整合过程不会自发演进,需有良好的制度环境;仅是技术模仿,无自主研发创新,无法缩小技术差距。技术具有外溢性,不同的知识产权保护水平下,存在不同程度的非正式的技术转移以及不同的技术引进难度。以知识产权交易强度为门槛变量,结合门槛模型对比分析发现,2001-2015年整体上技术引进对中国经济增长的促进作用比自主研发更显著;知识产权交易规模的扩大以及低知识产权交易强度下的技术引进与自主研发,对中国经济增长的促进作用更加明显;严重的专利侵权会阻碍经济增长。知识产权保护力度不足时,技术创新领域的市场失灵严重,即使短期对经济增长的促进作用较为明显,但长期由于自主创新的匮乏,将不利于经济增长。     

发现新型环境有机污染物的基本理论与方法

20世纪以来化学污染物导致的人类健康危害日益突出,数以万计的高生产量化学品伴随着生产和使用进入环境介质,给环境科学相关领域研究提出了若干新的科学问题。文章介绍了发现新型有机污染物研究方向设立的背景和科学意义,讨论了判别新型有机污染物分子结构、环境行为特征的基本原则,阐述了定量结构—性质关系模型预测、疑似目标/非目标分析、效应导向分析方法框架的技术思路和优势。对于新型有机污染物识别、行为和效应的深入探索,将为引领学科方向发展、完善化学品风险评估标准、揭示环境污染物的毒性和健康危害机制发挥重要的支撑作用。     

专利权质押融资的制约因素分析及对策——以浙江省为例

专利权质押融资是21世纪知识经济时代下知识资本与金融资源相融合的产物,为破解科技型中小企业融资难问题提供了新思路。2009年以来浙江省先后出台一系列政策措施大力支持专利权质押融资发展,取得一定成效但同时也存在着专利权转化为融资资金的比例较低、风险分担机制不健全、区域发展不平衡以及专利整体价值较低等问题亟待解决。在对制约浙江省专利权质押融资发展因素分析基础上,分别从专利权质押融资各参与主体的角度提出包括完善治理结构、提升专利质量、加强专利权管理与保护,设立科创支行或事业部、加大专利权金融产品创新力度,强化企业信息管理、健全专利权价值评估机制和风险分担机制、完善专利权交易平台和设立政策性银行等相应的对策建议,以期促进浙江省专利权质押融资工作发展和完善。     

A highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@metal–organic framework composite for high-performance electrochemical energy storage

Most metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hardly maintain their physical and chemical properties after exposure to alkaline aqueous solutions, thus precluding their use as potential electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices. Here, we present the design and synthesis of a highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@MOF composite, Co₃O₄ nanocube@Co-MOF (Co₃O₄@Co-MOF), via a controllable and facile one-pot hydrothermal method under highly alkaline conditions. The obtained composite possesses exceptional alkaline stability, retaining its original structure in 3.0 M KOH for at least 15 days. Benefitting from the exceptional alkaline stability, unique structure, and larger surface area, the Co₃O₄@Co-MOF composite shows a specific capacitance as high as 1020 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A  g⁻¹ and a high cycling stability with only 3.3% decay after 5000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. The as-constructed solid-state flexible device exhibits a maximum energy density of 21.6 mWh cm⁻³.     

Encapsulating metal organic framework into hollow mesoporous carbon sphere as efficient oxygen bifunctional electrocatalyst

Applying metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in electrochemical systems is a currently emerging field owing to the rich metal nodes and highly specific surface area of MOFs. However, the problems for MOFs that need to be solved urgently are poor electrical conductivity and low ion transport. Here we present a facile in situ growth method for the rational synthesis of MOFs@hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HMCS) yolk–shell-structured hybrid material for the first time. The size of the encapsulated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) is well controlled to 100 nm due to the spatial confinement effect of HMCS, and the electrical conductivity of ZIF-67 is also increased significantly. The ZIF@HMCS-25% hybrid material obtained exhibits a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction activity with 0.823 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) half-wave potential and an even higher kinetic current density (J_K = 13.8 mA cm⁻²) than commercial Pt/C. ZIF@HMCS-25% also displays excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance and the overpotential of ZIF@HMCS-25% at 10 mA cm⁻² is 407 mV. In addition, ZIF@HMCS-25% is further employed as an air electrode for a rechargeable Zn–air battery, exhibiting a high power density (120.2 mW cm⁻² at 171.4 mA cm⁻²) and long-term charge/discharge stability (80 h at 5 mA cm⁻²). This MOFs@HMCS yolk–shell design provides a versatile method for the application of MOFs as electrocatalysts directly.