美国联邦最高法院在大学教师宪法权利保障中的作用

在美国高等教育与法律的关系中,大学教师宪法权利保障是最基本的问题之一.随着美国社会的发展和进步,特别是20世纪中期以后,联邦法院通过对一些涉及宪法问题的教育案件的审理对全国高等教育政策产生了影响,改进了大学教师的权利保障状况,维护了大学的学术自由和大学自治,促进了美国高等教育的发展.     

二十世纪二三十年代广东妇女权利评析

二十世纪二三十年代,中国妇女掀起了追求权利的热潮,广东的情形具有典型性。一方面,广东妇女在这场追求权利的过程中获得了不少的权利,另一方面,这场运动也受当时政治情形的强烈影响,具有很强的工具性价值,因而也就具有很大的缺陷,其为我们提供的历史借鉴至今不可漠视。     

“同命”缘何“不同价”的法理思考

＂同命不同价＂现象,一直为我国社会公众所诟病,具有很大争议。死亡损害赔偿不是生命按质＂定价＂,并非对生命权本身的救济,它应是对因侵害生命权所引起的各种现实利益损失的补偿。死亡赔偿应给予受害人更多的经济财产赔偿,体现对逝者的尊重,加强公民对他人生命权的敬畏,防止肆意侵犯他人的生命权,这应是我国立法政策的法治取向。     

银信收费与珠三角侨乡社会观念变迁

近代以来,珠三角地区逐渐成为“美洲华侨之乡”,华侨向侨乡源源不断输入巨额银信（侨汇与华侨家书）。海内外各种团体为争取银信递送中的利益,或以家族亲情纽带和地域意识、或以现代权利义务观念为理据进行激烈竞争。这种竞争引发的侨乡社会观念转变,是乡土社会开始向工商社会转型的表征。     

对我国视听表演者权利保护的实证分析——兼评著作权法的第三次修改

视听表演者权利保护制度在中国现行法中没有明确规定.视听表演者权在影视演出合同蜕变为署名权和劳务报酬请求权.在表演者权侵权判决书中一部分体现为对录像制品的表演者权,一部分体现为对影视作品的署名权和劳务报酬请求权.著作权法第三次修改草案取消了录像制品,规定了对视听作品的后续使用获酬权,取消了“约定”规定,但非主要表演者权利的剥夺,似有不公平之嫌.     

大学生假期临时工劳动权益保护问题探究

目前,大学生打工的现象很普遍,但大学生打工群体的权益往往得不到有效地保障,轻则辛辛苦苦工作后分文未得,重则生命健康受到威胁。我国2007年颁布的《劳动合同法》虽然加强了对劳动者的保护,但大学生临时工尚未被认可为劳动法上的＂劳动者＂。大学生打工群体的合法权益难以得到有效及时地维护。因此,修改和完善相关法律法规从根本上为大学生临时工群体保驾护航具有十分的必要性和紧迫性。     

试论解放初期学徒的权益保障——以江苏苏州市为考察对象

解放前,苏州的学徒长期遭受老板的虐待与剥削,境遇十分悲惨。解放后,随着中国共产党的上台执政,各级政府机关、工会组织及主流媒体通力协作,通过多种途径和方式,使得苏州学徒的际遇出现了巨大转折,其政治、经济、文化等各项权益保障得到了有效改善,劳资双方基本上建立了"尊师爱徒,劳资两利"的新型师徒关系,为苏州国民经济的全面恢复与发展创造了条件。     

习近平法治思想中的核心范畴

\"范畴\"乃哲学思想的逻辑表达形式。基于思想学术体系构成之视野,运用马克思主义唯物辩证法抽象和提炼习近平法治思想之核心范畴,是呈现习近平法治思想本真精神及其学术化的必要环节。作为马克思主义一般原理与中国特色法治事业相结合的产物,习近平法治思想是马克思主义法治理论中国化的最新成果,其中有关理论与实践、政治与法治、民主与法治、权力与权利、法治与德治等辩证关系的创新论述,深刻揭示了中国特色社会主义法治的本质特征和发展规律,充分体现了马克思主义唯物辩证法精神,构成了习近平法治思想中的核心范畴,在新时代法治中国建设中具有世界观和方法论的指导意义。     

Patenting and US academic research in the 20th century: The world before and after Bayh-Dole

The dramatic growth of patenting and licensing of publicly funded research by American research universities in the closing quarter of the 20th century has stimulated some of the highest-profile debates in science and technology policy today. The issue of what aspects of academic research should be public - and what private - lies at the heart of each of these debates. The movement of academic scientists into commercialisation of discoveries and inventions has been extolled by some as a new model of academic research, one which facilitates economic and social returns from universities. At the same time, this trend has been criticised by others as representing a socially inefficient ‘privatisation’ of academic research and as a threat to the ethos of science itself. This paper places these debates in historical context, with a review of changes in American universities’ patenting policies, procedures and practices throughout the 20th century, an assessment of the logic underlying the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, and an overview of its effects on economic returns from university research.     

Unravelling the drivers of technological innovations in the Czech Republic: Do international technological linkages matter?

This study aims to investigate the main factors driving technological innovation within firms in the manufacturing and service sectors of the Czech Republic. We apply a binary logistic regression model to cross-sectional data from 502 firms, obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. The results of our empirical investigation show that certain elements of the business environment, such as the tax rate, serve as significant obstacles to firms’ product innovations. The results also confirm that international technological linkages—measured by international quality certificates and foreign technology licenses—affect technological innovations. Moreover, we found that internal R&D activities positively impact technological innovation across all sectors; contrarily, we found that process innovation in the manufacturing sector is positively influenced by foreign technology licenses and business association membership. Process innovations in the service sector are positively correlated with external R&D and financing from banking institutions. Finally, business association membership does not positively influence technological innovation in the service sector. Our findings have salient implications for firm managers, policymakers, and scholars aiming to explore and improve innovation outcomes in transitional economies.